Support building free-threaded CPython (#319)

* Support building free-threaded CPython

Add support for Python's free threading build mode where the global
interpreter lock is disabled. The packages are marked using a suffix on
the architecture, like 'x64-freethreaded' or 'arm64-freethreaded'.

* Match '-freethreaded' in arch

* Use type 'string' instead of 'str'

* On Linux, only delete Python installations with the same architecture.

This matches the macOS behavior and allows users to install both the
free-threading and default builds at the same time.

builders/macos-python-builder.psm1

@@ -151,6 +151,37 @@ class macOSPythonBuilder : NixPythonBuilder {
         return $pkgLocation
     }
 
+    [string] GetFrameworkName() {
+        <#
+        .SYNOPSIS
+        Get the Python installation Package name.
+        #>
+
+        if ($this.IsFreeThreaded()) {
+            return "PythonT.framework"
+        } else {
+            return "Python.framework"
+        }
+    }
+
+    [string] GetPkgChoices() {
+        <#
+        .SYNOPSIS
+        Reads the configuration XML file for the Python installer
+        #>
+
+        $config = if ($this.IsFreeThreaded()) { "freethreaded" } else { "default" }
+        $choicesFile = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "../config/macos-pkg-choices-$($config).xml"
+        $choicesTemplate = Get-Content -Path $choicesFile -Raw
+
+        $variablesToReplace = @{
+            "{{__VERSION_MAJOR_MINOR__}}" = "$($this.Version.Major).$($this.Version.Minor)";
+        }
+
+        $variablesToReplace.keys | ForEach-Object { $choicesTemplate = $choicesTemplate.Replace($_, $variablesToReplace[$_]) }
+        return $choicesTemplate
+    }
+
     [void] CreateInstallationScriptPkg() {
         <#
         .SYNOPSIS
@@ -165,6 +196,8 @@ class macOSPythonBuilder : NixPythonBuilder {
             "{{__VERSION_FULL__}}" = $this.Version;
             "{{__PKG_NAME__}}" = $this.GetPkgName();
             "{{__ARCH__}}" = $this.Architecture;
+            "{{__FRAMEWORK_NAME__}}" = $this.GetFrameworkName();
+            "{{__PKG_CHOICES__}}" = $this.GetPkgChoices();
         }
 
         $variablesToReplace.keys | ForEach-Object { $installationTemplateContent = $installationTemplateContent.Replace($_, $variablesToReplace[$_]) }

builders/nix-python-builder.psm1

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class NixPythonBuilder : PythonBuilder {
         Write-Debug "make Python $($this.Version)-$($this.Architecture) $($this.Platform)"
         $buildOutputLocation = New-Item -Path $this.WorkFolderLocation -Name "build_output.txt" -ItemType File
         
-        Execute-Command -Command "make 2>&1 | tee $buildOutputLocation" -ErrorAction Continue	
+        Execute-Command -Command "make 2>&1 | tee $buildOutputLocation" -ErrorAction Continue
         Execute-Command -Command "make install" -ErrorAction Continue
 
         Write-Debug "Done; Make log location: $buildOutputLocation"

builders/python-builder.psm1

@@ -94,6 +94,24 @@ class PythonBuilder {
         return "$($this.Version.Major).$($this.Version.Minor).$($this.Version.Patch)"
     }
 
+    [string] GetHardwareArchitecture() {
+        <#
+        .SYNOPSIS
+        The hardware architecture (x64, arm64) without any Python free threading suffix.
+        #>
+
+        return $this.Architecture.Replace("-freethreaded", "")
+    }
+
+    [bool] IsFreeThreaded() {
+        <#
+        .SYNOPSIS
+        Check if Python version is free threaded.
+        #>
+
+        return $this.Architecture.EndsWith("-freethreaded")
+    }
+
     [void] PreparePythonToolcacheLocation() {
         <#
         .SYNOPSIS

builders/ubuntu-python-builder.psm1

@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@ class UbuntuPythonBuilder : NixPythonBuilder {
         $configureString += " --enable-shared"
         $configureString += " --enable-optimizations"
 
+        if ($this.IsFreeThreaded()) {
+            if ($this.Version -lt "3.13.0") {
+                Write-Host "Python versions lower than 3.13.0 do not support free threading"
+                exit 1
+            }
+            $configureString += " --disable-gil"
+        }
+
         ### Compile with support of loadable sqlite extensions.
         ### Link to documentation (https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html#sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension)
         $configureString += " --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions"

builders/win-python-builder.psm1

@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ class WinPythonBuilder : PythonBuilder {
         #>
 
         $ArchitectureExtension = ""
-        if ($this.Architecture -eq "x64") {
+        if ($this.GetHardwareArchitecture() -eq "x64") {
             if ($this.Version -ge "3.5") {
                 $ArchitectureExtension = "-amd64"
             } else {
                 $ArchitectureExtension = ".amd64"
             }
-        }elseif ($this.Architecture -eq "arm64") {
+        } elseif ($this.GetHardwareArchitecture() -eq "arm64") {
                 $ArchitectureExtension = "-arm64"
         }
 
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ class WinPythonBuilder : PythonBuilder {
 
         $variablesToReplace = @{
             "{{__ARCHITECTURE__}}" = $this.Architecture;
+            "{{__HARDWARE_ARCHITECTURE__}}" = $this.GetHardwareArchitecture();
             "{{__VERSION__}}" = $this.Version;
             "{{__PYTHON_EXEC_NAME__}}" = $pythonExecName
         }