Merge branch 'master' into elist

2025-04-05 14:59:49 +00:00 · 2022-04-13 18:57:46 +02:00
parent af001fad2e 363b62cc80
commit a39ce7f19b
83 changed files with 2148 additions and 532 deletions
--- a/.github/deploy_to_netlify.py
+++ b/.github/deploy_to_netlify.py
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import json
+import os
+import pprint
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import urllib.request
+
+event_name = os.environ["GITHUB_EVENT_NAME"]
+
+is_pull_request = is_push = False
+if event_name.startswith("pull_request"):
+    is_pull_request = True
+elif event_name.startswith("push"):
+    is_push = True
+elif event_name.startswith("schedule"):
+    # Don't publish; scheduled workflows run against the latest commit of every
+    # implementation, so they are likely to have failed tests for the wrong reasons
+    sys.exit(0)
+else:
+    print("Unexpected event name:", event_name)
+
+with open(os.environ["GITHUB_EVENT_PATH"]) as fd:
+    github_event = json.load(fd)
+
+pprint.pprint(github_event)
+
+context_suffix = ""
+
+command = ["netlify", "deploy", "--dir=dashboard/"]
+if is_pull_request:
+    pr_number = github_event["number"]
+    sha = github_event["after"]
+    # Aliases can't exceed 37 chars
+    command.extend(["--alias", f"pr-{pr_number}-{sha[0:10]}"])
+    context_suffix = " (pull_request)"
+elif is_push:
+    ref = github_event["ref"]
+    m = re.match("refs/heads/(.*)", ref)
+    if m:
+        branch = m.group(1)
+        sha = github_event["head_commit"]["id"]
+
+        if branch in ("main", "master"):
+            command.extend(["--prod"])
+        else:
+            command.extend(["--alias", f"br-{branch[0:23]}-{sha[0:10]}"])
+            context_suffix = " (push)"
+    else:
+        # TODO
+        pass
+
+
+print("Running", command)
+proc = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True)
+
+output = proc.stdout.decode()
+assert proc.returncode == 0, (output, proc.stderr.decode())
+print(output)
+
+m = re.search("https://[^ ]*--[^ ]*netlify.app", output)
+assert m
+netlify_site_url = m.group(0)
+target_url = f"{netlify_site_url}/index.xhtml"
+
+print("Published to", netlify_site_url)
+
+
+def send_status() -> None:
+    statuses_url = github_event["repository"]["statuses_url"].format(sha=sha)
+
+    payload = {
+        "state": "success",
+        "context": f"Dashboard{context_suffix}",
+        "description": "Table of all test results",
+        "target_url": target_url,
+    }
+    request = urllib.request.Request(
+        statuses_url,
+        data=json.dumps(payload).encode(),
+        headers={
+            "Authorization": f'token {os.environ["GITHUB_TOKEN"]}',
+            "Content-Type": "text/json",
+            "Accept": "application/vnd.github+json",
+        },
+    )
+
+    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
+
+    assert response.status == 201, response.read()
+
+
+send_status()
+
+
+def send_pr_comment() -> None:
+    comments_url = github_event["pull_request"]["_links"]["comments"]["href"]
+
+    payload = {
+        "body": f"[Test results]({target_url})",
+    }
+    request = urllib.request.Request(
+        comments_url,
+        data=json.dumps(payload).encode(),
+        headers={
+            "Authorization": f'token {os.environ["GITHUB_TOKEN"]}',
+            "Content-Type": "text/json",
+            "Accept": "application/vnd.github+json",
+        },
+    )
+
+    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
+
+    assert response.status == 201, response.read()
+
+
+if is_pull_request:
+    send_pr_comment()
--- a/.github/workflows/test-devel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-devel.yml
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ jobs:
        retention-days: 1
  publish-test-results:
    if: success() || failure()
-    name: Publish Unit Tests Results
+    name: Publish Dashboard
    needs:
    - test-bahamut
    - test-bahamut-anope
@ -380,6 +380,7 @@ jobs:
    - test-inspircd-anope
    - test-ircu2
    - test-limnoria
+    - test-nefarious
    - test-ngircd
    - test-ngircd-anope
    - test-ngircd-atheme
@ -397,27 +398,23 @@ jobs:
      uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
      with:
        path: artifacts
-    - if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-      name: Publish Unit Test Results
-      uses: actions/github-script@v4
-      with:
-        result-encoding: string
-        script: |
-          let body = '';
-          const options = {};
-          options.listeners = {
-              stdout: (data) => {
-                  body += data.toString();
-              }
-          };
-          await exec.exec('bash', ['-c', 'shopt -s globstar; python3 report.py artifacts/**/*.xml'], options);
-          github.issues.createComment({
-            issue_number: context.issue.number,
-            owner: context.repo.owner,
-            repo: context.repo.repo,
-            body: body,
-          });
-          return body;
+    - name: Install dashboard dependencies
+      run: |-
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install defusedxml docutils -r requirements.txt
+    - name: Generate dashboard
+      run: |-
+        shopt -s globstar
+        python3 -m irctest.dashboard.format dashboard/ artifacts/**/*.xml
+        echo '/ /index.xhtml' > dashboard/_redirects
+    - name: Install netlify-cli
+      run: npm i -g netlify-cli
+    - env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN }}
+        NETLIFY_SITE_ID: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_SITE_ID }}
+      name: Deploy to Netlify
+      run: ./.github/deploy_to_netlify.py
  test-bahamut:
    needs:
    - build-bahamut
@ -448,7 +445,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results bahamut (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_bahamut_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-bahamut-anope:
    needs:
@ -486,7 +483,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results bahamut-anope (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_bahamut-anope_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-bahamut-atheme:
    needs:
@ -518,7 +515,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results bahamut-atheme (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_bahamut-atheme_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ergo:
    needs: []
@ -537,7 +534,7 @@ jobs:
        repository: ergochat/ergo
    - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
      with:
-        go-version: ^1.17.0
+        go-version: ^1.18.0
    - run: go version
    - name: Build Ergo
      run: |
@ -557,7 +554,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ergo (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_ergo_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-hybrid:
    needs:
@ -595,7 +592,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results hybrid (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_hybrid_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-inspircd:
    needs:
@ -627,7 +624,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results inspircd (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_inspircd_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-inspircd-anope:
    needs:
@ -665,7 +662,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results inspircd-anope (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_inspircd-anope_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ircu2:
    needs: []
@ -703,7 +700,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ircu2 (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_ircu2_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-limnoria:
    needs: []
@ -730,7 +727,44 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results limnoria (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_limnoria_devel
+        path: pytest.xml
+  test-nefarious:
+    needs: []
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Set up Python 3.7
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.7
+    - name: Checkout nefarious
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        path: nefarious
+        ref: master
+        repository: evilnet/nefarious2
+    - name: Build nefarious
+      run: |
+        cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/nefarious
+        ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local/ --enable-debug
+        make -j 4
+        make install
+        cp $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/data/nefarious/* $HOME/.local/lib
+    - name: Install Atheme
+      run: sudo apt-get install atheme-services
+    - name: Install irctest dependencies
+      run: |-
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install pytest pytest-xdist -r requirements.txt
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: PYTEST_ARGS='--junit-xml pytest.xml' PATH=$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH  make
+        nefarious
+    - if: always()
+      name: Publish results
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        name: pytest-results_nefarious_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ngircd:
    needs:
@ -762,7 +796,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ngircd (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_ngircd_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ngircd-anope:
    needs:
@ -800,7 +834,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ngircd-anope (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_ngircd-anope_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ngircd-atheme:
    needs:
@ -832,7 +866,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ngircd-atheme (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_ngircd-atheme_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-plexus4:
    needs:
@ -870,7 +904,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results plexus4 (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_plexus4_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-solanum:
    needs:
@ -902,7 +936,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results solanum (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_solanum_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-sopel:
    needs: []
@ -928,7 +962,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results sopel (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_sopel_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-unrealircd:
    needs:
@ -960,7 +994,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results unrealircd (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_unrealircd_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-unrealircd-5:
    needs:
@ -992,7 +1026,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results unrealircd-5 (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_unrealircd-5_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-unrealircd-anope:
    needs:
@ -1030,7 +1064,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results unrealircd-anope (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_unrealircd-anope_devel
        path: pytest.xml
  test-unrealircd-atheme:
    needs:
@ -1062,7 +1096,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results unrealircd-atheme (devel)
+        name: pytest-results_unrealircd-atheme_devel
        path: pytest.xml
 name: irctest with devel versions
 'on':
--- a/.github/workflows/test-devel_release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-devel_release.yml
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
        retention-days: 1
  publish-test-results:
    if: success() || failure()
-    name: Publish Unit Tests Results
+    name: Publish Dashboard
    needs:
    - test-inspircd
    - test-inspircd-anope
@ -83,27 +83,23 @@ jobs:
      uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
      with:
        path: artifacts
-    - if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-      name: Publish Unit Test Results
-      uses: actions/github-script@v4
-      with:
-        result-encoding: string
-        script: |
-          let body = '';
-          const options = {};
-          options.listeners = {
-              stdout: (data) => {
-                  body += data.toString();
-              }
-          };
-          await exec.exec('bash', ['-c', 'shopt -s globstar; python3 report.py artifacts/**/*.xml'], options);
-          github.issues.createComment({
-            issue_number: context.issue.number,
-            owner: context.repo.owner,
-            repo: context.repo.repo,
-            body: body,
-          });
-          return body;
+    - name: Install dashboard dependencies
+      run: |-
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install defusedxml docutils -r requirements.txt
+    - name: Generate dashboard
+      run: |-
+        shopt -s globstar
+        python3 -m irctest.dashboard.format dashboard/ artifacts/**/*.xml
+        echo '/ /index.xhtml' > dashboard/_redirects
+    - name: Install netlify-cli
+      run: npm i -g netlify-cli
+    - env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN }}
+        NETLIFY_SITE_ID: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_SITE_ID }}
+      name: Deploy to Netlify
+      run: ./.github/deploy_to_netlify.py
  test-inspircd:
    needs:
    - build-inspircd
@ -134,7 +130,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results inspircd (devel_release)
+        name: pytest-results_inspircd_devel_release
        path: pytest.xml
  test-inspircd-anope:
    needs:
@ -172,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results inspircd-anope (devel_release)
+        name: pytest-results_inspircd-anope_devel_release
        path: pytest.xml
  test-inspircd-atheme:
    needs:
@ -204,7 +200,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results inspircd-atheme (devel_release)
+        name: pytest-results_inspircd-atheme_devel_release
        path: pytest.xml
 name: irctest with devel_release versions
 'on':
--- a/.github/workflows/test-stable.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-stable.yml
@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ jobs:
        retention-days: 1
  publish-test-results:
    if: success() || failure()
-    name: Publish Unit Tests Results
+    name: Publish Dashboard
    needs:
    - test-bahamut
    - test-bahamut-anope
@ -423,6 +423,7 @@ jobs:
    - test-irc2
    - test-ircu2
    - test-limnoria
+    - test-nefarious
    - test-ngircd
    - test-ngircd-anope
    - test-ngircd-atheme
@ -440,27 +441,23 @@ jobs:
      uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
      with:
        path: artifacts
-    - if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-      name: Publish Unit Test Results
-      uses: actions/github-script@v4
-      with:
-        result-encoding: string
-        script: |
-          let body = '';
-          const options = {};
-          options.listeners = {
-              stdout: (data) => {
-                  body += data.toString();
-              }
-          };
-          await exec.exec('bash', ['-c', 'shopt -s globstar; python3 report.py artifacts/**/*.xml'], options);
-          github.issues.createComment({
-            issue_number: context.issue.number,
-            owner: context.repo.owner,
-            repo: context.repo.repo,
-            body: body,
-          });
-          return body;
+    - name: Install dashboard dependencies
+      run: |-
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install defusedxml docutils -r requirements.txt
+    - name: Generate dashboard
+      run: |-
+        shopt -s globstar
+        python3 -m irctest.dashboard.format dashboard/ artifacts/**/*.xml
+        echo '/ /index.xhtml' > dashboard/_redirects
+    - name: Install netlify-cli
+      run: npm i -g netlify-cli
+    - env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN }}
+        NETLIFY_SITE_ID: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_SITE_ID }}
+      name: Deploy to Netlify
+      run: ./.github/deploy_to_netlify.py
  test-bahamut:
    needs:
    - build-bahamut
@ -491,7 +488,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results bahamut (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_bahamut_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-bahamut-anope:
    needs:
@ -529,7 +526,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results bahamut-anope (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_bahamut-anope_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-bahamut-atheme:
    needs:
@ -561,7 +558,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results bahamut-atheme (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_bahamut-atheme_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-charybdis:
    needs:
@ -593,7 +590,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results charybdis (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_charybdis_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ergo:
    needs: []
@ -612,7 +609,7 @@ jobs:
        repository: ergochat/ergo
    - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
      with:
-        go-version: ^1.17.0
+        go-version: ^1.18.0
    - run: go version
    - name: Build Ergo
      run: |
@ -632,7 +629,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ergo (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_ergo_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-hybrid:
    needs:
@ -670,7 +667,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results hybrid (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_hybrid_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-inspircd:
    needs:
@ -702,7 +699,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results inspircd (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_inspircd_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-inspircd-anope:
    needs:
@ -740,7 +737,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results inspircd-anope (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_inspircd-anope_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-inspircd-atheme:
    needs:
@ -772,7 +769,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results inspircd-atheme (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_inspircd-atheme_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-irc2:
    needs: []
@ -826,7 +823,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results irc2 (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_irc2_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ircu2:
    needs: []
@ -864,7 +861,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ircu2 (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_ircu2_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-limnoria:
    needs: []
@ -890,7 +887,44 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results limnoria (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_limnoria_stable
+        path: pytest.xml
+  test-nefarious:
+    needs: []
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Set up Python 3.7
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.7
+    - name: Checkout nefarious
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        path: nefarious
+        ref: 985704168ecada12d9e53b46df6087ef9d9fb40b
+        repository: evilnet/nefarious2
+    - name: Build nefarious
+      run: |
+        cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/nefarious
+        ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local/ --enable-debug
+        make -j 4
+        make install
+        cp $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/data/nefarious/* $HOME/.local/lib
+    - name: Install Atheme
+      run: sudo apt-get install atheme-services
+    - name: Install irctest dependencies
+      run: |-
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install pytest pytest-xdist -r requirements.txt
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: PYTEST_ARGS='--junit-xml pytest.xml' PATH=$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH  make
+        nefarious
+    - if: always()
+      name: Publish results
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        name: pytest-results_nefarious_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ngircd:
    needs:
@ -922,7 +956,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ngircd (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_ngircd_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ngircd-anope:
    needs:
@ -960,7 +994,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ngircd-anope (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_ngircd-anope_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-ngircd-atheme:
    needs:
@ -992,7 +1026,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results ngircd-atheme (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_ngircd-atheme_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-plexus4:
    needs:
@ -1030,7 +1064,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results plexus4 (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_plexus4_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-solanum:
    needs:
@ -1062,7 +1096,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results solanum (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_solanum_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-sopel:
    needs: []
@ -1088,7 +1122,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results sopel (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_sopel_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-unrealircd:
    needs:
@ -1120,7 +1154,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results unrealircd (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_unrealircd_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-unrealircd-5:
    needs:
@ -1152,7 +1186,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results unrealircd-5 (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_unrealircd-5_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-unrealircd-anope:
    needs:
@ -1190,7 +1224,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results unrealircd-anope (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_unrealircd-anope_stable
        path: pytest.xml
  test-unrealircd-atheme:
    needs:
@ -1222,7 +1256,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Publish results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
      with:
-        name: pytest results unrealircd-atheme (stable)
+        name: pytest-results_unrealircd-atheme_stable
        path: pytest.xml
 name: irctest with stable versions
 'on':
--- a/126
+++ b/126
@ -7,88 +7,47 @@ PYTEST_ARGS ?=
 # Will be appended at the end of the -k argument to pytest
 EXTRA_SELECTORS ?=

-# testPlainLarge fails because it doesn't handle split AUTHENTICATE (reported on IRC)
-ANOPE_SELECTORS := \
-	and not testPlainLarge
-
-# buffering tests cannot pass because of issues with UTF-8 handling: https://github.com/DALnet/bahamut/issues/196
-# mask tests in test_who.py fail because they are not implemented.
-# some HelpTestCase::*[HELP] tests fail because Bahamut forwards /HELP to HelpServ (but not /HELPOP)
-# testWhowasMultiTarget fails because Bahamut returns the results in query order instead of chronological order
 BAHAMUT_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
 	and not IRCv3 \
-	and not buffering \
-	and not (testWho and not whois and mask) \
-	and not testWhoStar \
-	and (not HelpTestCase or HELPOP) \
-	and not testWhowasMultiTarget \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testQuitErrors is very flaky
-# AccountTagTestCase.testInvite fails because https://github.com/solanum-ircd/solanum/issues/166
-# testKickDefaultComment fails because it uses the nick of the kickee rather than the kicker.
-# testWhoisNumerics[oper] fails because charybdis uses RPL_WHOISSPECIAL instead of RPL_WHOISOPERATOR
-# testWhowasNoSuchNick fails because of a typo (solved in https://github.com/solanum-ircd/solanum/commit/08b7b6bd7e60a760ad47b58cbe8075b45d66166f)
 CHARYBDIS_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
-	and not testQuitErrors \
-	and not testKickDefaultComment \
-	and not (AccountTagTestCase and testInvite) \
-	and not (testWhoisNumerics and oper) \
-	and not testWhowasNoSuchNick \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testInfoNosuchserver does not apply to Ergo: Ergo ignores the optional <target> argument
 ERGO_SELECTORS := \
 	not deprecated \
-	and not testInfoNosuchserver \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testInviteUnoppedModern is the only strict test that Hybrid fails
 HYBRID_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
-	and not testInviteUnoppedModern \
 	and not deprecated \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testBotPrivateMessage and testBotChannelMessage fail because https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1910 is not released yet
-# WHOWAS tests fail because https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1967 and https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1968 are not released yet
 INSPIRCD_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
-	and not testNoticeNonexistentChannel \
-	and not testBotPrivateMessage and not testBotChannelMessage \
-	and not whowas \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# buffering tests fail because ircu2 discards the whole buffer on long lines (TODO: refine how we exclude these tests)
-# testQuit and testQuitErrors fail because ircu2 does not send ERROR or QUIT
-# lusers "full" tests fail because they depend on Modern behavior, not just RFC2812
-# statusmsg tests fail because STATUSMSG is present in ISUPPORT, but it not actually supported as PRIVMSG target
-# testKeyValidation[empty] fails because ircu2 returns ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS on empty keys: https://github.com/UndernetIRC/ircu2/issues/13
-# testKickDefaultComment fails because it uses the nick of the kickee rather than the kicker.
-# testEmptyRealname fails because it uses a default value instead of ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS.
 # HelpTestCase fails because it returns NOTICEs instead of numerics
-# testWhowasCountZero fails: https://github.com/UndernetIRC/ircu2/pull/19
 IRCU2_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
-	and not buffering \
-	and not testQuit \
-	and not (lusers and full) \
-	and not statusmsg \
-	and not (testKeyValidation and empty) \
-	and not testKickDefaultComment \
-	and not testEmptyRealname \
-	and not HelpTestCase \
-	and not testWhowasCountZero \
+	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)
+
+# same justification as ircu2
+# lusers "unregistered" tests fail because 
+NEFARIOUS_SELECTORS := \
+	not Ergo \
+	and not deprecated \
+	and not strict \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

 # same justification as ircu2
@ -96,24 +55,12 @@ SNIRCD_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
-	and not buffering \
-	and not testQuit \
-	and not (lusers and full) \
-	and not statusmsg \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testListEmpty and testListOne fails because irc2 deprecated LIST
-# testKickDefaultComment fails because it uses the nick of the kickee rather than the kicker.
-# testWallopsPrivileges fails because it ignores the command instead of replying ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND
-# HelpTestCase fails because it returns NOTICEs instead of numerics
 IRC2_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
-	and not testListEmpty and not testListOne \
-	and not testKickDefaultComment \
-	and not testWallopsPrivileges \
-	and not HelpTestCase \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

 MAMMON_SELECTORS := \
@ -122,28 +69,14 @@ MAMMON_SELECTORS := \
 	and not strict \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testKeyValidation[spaces] and testKeyValidation[empty] fail because ngIRCd does not validate them https://github.com/ngircd/ngircd/issues/290
-# testStarNick: wat
-# testEmptyRealname fails because it uses a default value instead of ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS.
-# chathistory tests fail because they need nicks longer than 9 chars
-# HelpTestCase::*[HELP] fails because it returns NOTICEs instead of numerics
 NGIRCD_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
-	and not (testKeyValidation and (spaces or empty)) \
-	and not testStarNick \
-	and not testEmptyRealname \
-	and not chathistory \
-	and (not HelpTestCase or HELPOP) \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testInviteUnoppedModern is the only strict test that Plexus4 fails
-# testInviteInviteOnlyModern fails because Plexus4 allows non-op to invite if (and only if) the channel is not invite-only
 PLEXUS4_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
-	and not testInviteUnoppedModern \
-	and not testInviteInviteOnlyModern \
 	and not deprecated \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

@ -154,53 +87,33 @@ LIMNORIA_SELECTORS := \
 	(foo or not foo) \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testQuitErrors is too flaky for CI
-# testKickDefaultComment fails because solanum uses the nick of the kickee rather than the kicker.
 SOLANUM_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
-	and not testQuitErrors \
-	and not testKickDefaultComment \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

+# Same as Limnoria
 SOPEL_SELECTORS := \
-	not testPlainNotAvailable \
+	(foo or not foo) \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-# testNoticeNonexistentChannel fails: https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5949
-# regressions::testTagCap fails: https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5948
-# messages::testLineTooLong fails: https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5947
-# testCapRemovalByClient and testNakWhole fail pending https://github.com/unrealircd/unrealircd/pull/148
 # Tests marked with arbitrary_client_tags can't pass because Unreal whitelists which tags it relays
 # Tests marked with react_tag can't pass because Unreal blocks +draft/react https://github.com/unrealircd/unrealircd/pull/149
 # Tests marked with private_chathistory can't pass because Unreal does not implement CHATHISTORY for DMs
-# testChathistory[BETWEEN] fails: https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5952
-# testChathistory[AROUND] fails: https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5953
-# testWhoAllOpers fails because Unreal skips results when the mask is too broad
-# HELP and HELPOP tests fail because Unreal uses custom numerics https://github.com/unrealircd/unrealircd/pull/184
-# testListTopicTime fails because Unreal mistakenly advertises it as available https://github.com/unrealircd/unrealircd/pull/193
+
 UNREALIRCD_SELECTORS := \
 	not Ergo \
 	and not deprecated \
 	and not strict \
-	and not testNoticeNonexistentChannel \
-	and not (regressions.py and testTagCap) \
-	and not (messages.py and testLineTooLong) \
-	and not (cap.py and (testCapRemovalByClient or testNakWhole)) \
-	and not (account_tag.py and testInvite) \
 	and not arbitrary_client_tags \
 	and not react_tag \
 	and not private_chathistory \
-	and not (testChathistory and (between or around)) \
-	and not testWhoAllOpers \
-	and not HelpTestCase \
-	and not testListTopicTime \
 	$(EXTRA_SELECTORS)

-.PHONY: all flakes bahamut charybdis ergo inspircd ircu2 snircd irc2 mammon limnoria sopel solanum unrealircd
+.PHONY: all flakes bahamut charybdis ergo inspircd ircu2 snircd irc2 mammon nefarious limnoria sopel solanum unrealircd

-all: flakes bahamut charybdis ergo inspircd ircu2 snircd irc2 mammon limnoria sopel solanum unrealircd
+all: flakes bahamut charybdis ergo inspircd ircu2 snircd irc2 mammon nefarious limnoria sopel solanum unrealircd

 flakes:
 	find irctest/ -name "*.py" -not -path "irctest/scram/*" -print0 | xargs -0 pyflakes3
@ -226,7 +139,7 @@ bahamut-anope:
 		--services-controller=irctest.controllers.anope_services \
 		-m 'services' \
 		-n 10 \
-		-k '$(BAHAMUT_SELECTORS) $(ANOPE_SELECTORS)'
+		-k '$(BAHAMUT_SELECTORS)'

 charybdis:
 	$(PYTEST) $(PYTEST_ARGS) \
@ -263,7 +176,7 @@ inspircd-anope:
 		--controller=irctest.controllers.inspircd \
 		--services-controller=irctest.controllers.anope_services \
 		-m 'services' \
-		-k '$(INSPIRCD_SELECTORS) $(ANOPE_SELECTORS)'
+		-k '$(INSPIRCD_SELECTORS)'

 ircu2:
 	$(PYTEST) $(PYTEST_ARGS) \
@ -272,6 +185,13 @@ ircu2:
 		-n 10 \
 		-k '$(IRCU2_SELECTORS)'

+nefarious:
+	$(PYTEST) $(PYTEST_ARGS) \
+		--controller=irctest.controllers.nefarious \
+		-m 'not services' \
+		-n 10 \
+		-k '$(NEFARIOUS_SELECTORS)'
+
 snircd:
 	$(PYTEST) $(PYTEST_ARGS) \
 		--controller=irctest.controllers.snircd \
@ -354,4 +274,4 @@ unrealircd-anope:
 		--controller=irctest.controllers.unrealircd \
 		--services-controller=irctest.controllers.anope_services \
 		-m 'services' \
-		-k '$(UNREALIRCD_SELECTORS) $(ANOPE_SELECTORS)'
+		-k '$(UNREALIRCD_SELECTORS)'
--- a/data/nefarious/ircd.pem
+++ b/data/nefarious/ircd.pem
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+wwIDAQABo1MwUTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQU+9eHi2eqy0f3fDS0GjqkijGDDocwHwYDVR0j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=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
--- a/irctest/cases.py
+++ b/irctest/cases.py
@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ class BaseServerTestCase(
        client = self.addClient(name, show_io=show_io)
        if capabilities:
            self.sendLine(client, "CAP LS 302")
-            m = self.getRegistrationMessage(client)
+            self.getCapLs(client)
            self.requestCapabilities(client, capabilities, skip_if_cap_nak)
        if password is not None:
            if "sasl" not in (capabilities or ()):
@ -739,24 +739,10 @@ class BaseServerTestCase(
                    raise ChannelJoinException(msg.command, msg.params)


-_TSelf = TypeVar("_TSelf", bound="OptionalityHelper")
+_TSelf = TypeVar("_TSelf", bound="_IrcTestCase")
 _TReturn = TypeVar("_TReturn")


-class OptionalityHelper(Generic[TController]):
-    controller: TController
-
-    def checkSaslSupport(self) -> None:
-        if self.controller.supported_sasl_mechanisms:
-            return
-        raise runner.NotImplementedByController("SASL")
-
-    def checkMechanismSupport(self, mechanism: str) -> None:
-        if mechanism in self.controller.supported_sasl_mechanisms:
-            return
-        raise runner.OptionalSaslMechanismNotSupported(mechanism)
-
-    @staticmethod
 def skipUnlessHasMechanism(
    mech: str,
 ) -> Callable[[Callable[..., _TReturn]], Callable[..., _TReturn]]:
@ -767,23 +753,52 @@ class OptionalityHelper(Generic[TController]):
    def decorator(f: Callable[..., _TReturn]) -> Callable[..., _TReturn]:
        @functools.wraps(f)
        def newf(self: _TSelf, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> _TReturn:
-                self.checkMechanismSupport(mech)
+            if mech not in self.controller.supported_sasl_mechanisms:
+                raise runner.OptionalSaslMechanismNotSupported(mech)
            return f(self, *args, **kwargs)

        return newf

    return decorator

-    @staticmethod
+
 def skipUnlessHasSasl(f: Callable[..., _TReturn]) -> Callable[..., _TReturn]:
    @functools.wraps(f)
    def newf(self: _TSelf, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> _TReturn:
-            self.checkSaslSupport()
+        if not self.controller.supported_sasl_mechanisms:
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("SASL")
        return f(self, *args, **kwargs)

    return newf


+def xfailIf(
+    condition: Callable[..., bool], reason: str
+) -> Callable[[Callable[..., _TReturn]], Callable[..., _TReturn]]:
+    # Works about the same as skipUnlessHasMechanism
+    def decorator(f: Callable[..., _TReturn]) -> Callable[..., _TReturn]:
+        @functools.wraps(f)
+        def newf(self: _TSelf, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> _TReturn:
+            if condition(self):
+                try:
+                    return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+                except Exception:
+                    pytest.xfail(reason)
+                    assert False  # make mypy happy
+            else:
+                return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return newf
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def xfailIfSoftware(
+    names: List[str], reason: str
+) -> Callable[[Callable[..., _TReturn]], Callable[..., _TReturn]]:
+    return xfailIf(lambda testcase: testcase.controller.software_name in names, reason)
+
+
 def mark_services(cls: TClass) -> TClass:
    cls.run_services = True
    return pytest.mark.services(cls)  # type: ignore
--- a/irctest/client_tests/cap.py
+++ b/irctest/client_tests/cap.py
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Format of ``CAP LS`` sent by IRCv3 clients."""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.irc_utils.message_parser import Message

--- a/irctest/client_tests/sasl.py
+++ b/irctest/client_tests/sasl.py
@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+"""SASL authentication from clients, for all known mechanisms.
+
+For now, only `SASLv3.1 <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/sasl-3.1>`_
+is tested, not `SASLv3.2 <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/sasl-3.2>`_."""
+
 import base64

 import pytest
@ -34,8 +39,8 @@ class IdentityHash:
        return self._data


-class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase):
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    def testPlain(self):
        """Test PLAIN authentication with correct username/password."""
        auth = authentication.Authentication(
@ -55,7 +60,8 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        m = self.negotiateCapabilities(["sasl"], False)
        self.assertEqual(m, Message({}, None, "CAP", ["END"]))

-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(["Sopel"], "Sopel requests SASL PLAIN even if not available")
    def testPlainNotAvailable(self):
        """`sasl=EXTERNAL` is advertized, whereas the client is configured
        to use PLAIN.
@ -85,7 +91,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        self.assertMessageMatch(m, command="CAP")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("pattern", ["barbaz", "éèà"])
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    def testPlainLarge(self, pattern):
        """Test the client splits large AUTHENTICATE messages whose payload
        is not a multiple of 400.
@ -114,7 +120,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        m = self.negotiateCapabilities(["sasl"], False)
        self.assertEqual(m, Message({}, None, "CAP", ["END"]))

-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("pattern", ["quux", "éè"])
    def testPlainLargeMultiple(self, pattern):
        """Test the client splits large AUTHENTICATE messages whose payload
@ -145,7 +151,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        self.assertEqual(m, Message({}, None, "CAP", ["END"]))

    @pytest.mark.skipif(ecdsa is None, reason="python3-ecdsa is not available")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("ECDSA-NIST256P-CHALLENGE")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("ECDSA-NIST256P-CHALLENGE")
    def testEcdsa(self):
        """Test ECDSA authentication."""
        auth = authentication.Authentication(
@ -179,7 +185,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        m = self.negotiateCapabilities(["sasl"], False)
        self.assertEqual(m, Message({}, None, "CAP", ["END"]))

-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("SCRAM-SHA-256")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("SCRAM-SHA-256")
    def testScram(self):
        """Test SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication."""
        auth = authentication.Authentication(
@ -221,7 +227,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        self.assertEqual(m.command, "AUTHENTICATE", m)
        self.assertEqual(m.params, ["+"], m)

-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("SCRAM-SHA-256")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("SCRAM-SHA-256")
    def testScramBadPassword(self):
        """Test SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication with a bad password."""
        auth = authentication.Authentication(
@ -256,8 +262,8 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
            authenticator.response(msg)


-class Irc302SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+class Irc302SaslTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase):
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    def testPlainNotAvailable(self):
        """Test the client does not try to authenticate using a mechanism the
        server does not advertise.
--- a/irctest/client_tests/tls.py
+++ b/irctest/client_tests/tls.py
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Clients should validate certificates; either with a CA or fingerprints."""
+
 import socket
 import ssl

@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ class TlsTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase):
            self.getMessage()


-class StsTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class StsTestCase(cases.BaseClientTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super().setUp()
        self.insecure_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
--- a/irctest/controllers/anope_services.py
+++ b/irctest/controllers/anope_services.py
@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ module {{ name = "ns_cert" }}
 class AnopeController(BaseServicesController, DirectoryBasedController):
    """Collaborator for server controllers that rely on Anope"""

+    software_name = "Anope"
+
    def run(self, protocol: str, server_hostname: str, server_port: int) -> None:
        self.create_config()

--- a/irctest/controllers/atheme_services.py
+++ b/irctest/controllers/atheme_services.py
@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ saslserv {{
 class AthemeController(BaseServicesController, DirectoryBasedController):
    """Mixin for server controllers that rely on Atheme"""

+    software_name = "Atheme"
+
    def run(self, protocol: str, server_hostname: str, server_port: int) -> None:
        self.create_config()

--- a/irctest/controllers/inspircd.py
+++ b/irctest/controllers/inspircd.py
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ TEMPLATE_CONFIG = """

 # Misc:
 <log method="file" type="*" level="debug" target="/tmp/ircd-{port}.log">
-<server name="My.Little.Server" description="testnet" id="000" network="testnet">
+<server name="My.Little.Server" description="test server" id="000" network="testnet">
 """

 TEMPLATE_SSL_CONFIG = """
--- a/irctest/controllers/irc2.py
+++ b/irctest/controllers/irc2.py
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from irctest.basecontrollers import (

 TEMPLATE_CONFIG = """
 # M:<Server NAME>:<YOUR Internet IP#>:<Geographic Location>:<Port>:<SID>:
-M:My.Little.Server:{hostname}:Somewhere:{port}:0042:
+M:My.Little.Server:{hostname}:test server:{port}:0042:

 # A:<Your Name/Location>:<Your E-Mail Addr>:<other info>::<network name>:
 A:Organization, IRC dept.:Daemon <ircd@example.irc.org>:Client Server::IRCnet:
@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ O:*:operpassword:operuser::::
 """


-class Ircu2Controller(BaseServerController, DirectoryBasedController):
-    binary_name: str
+class Irc2Controller(BaseServerController, DirectoryBasedController):
+    software_name = "irc2"
    services_protocol: str

    supports_sts = False
@ -99,5 +99,5 @@ class Ircu2Controller(BaseServerController, DirectoryBasedController):
        )


-def get_irctest_controller_class() -> Type[Ircu2Controller]:
-    return Ircu2Controller
+def get_irctest_controller_class() -> Type[Irc2Controller]:
+    return Irc2Controller
--- a/irctest/controllers/ircu2.py
+++ b/irctest/controllers/ircu2.py
@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ features {{


 class Ircu2Controller(BaseServerController, DirectoryBasedController):
+    software_name = "ircu2"
    supports_sts = False
    extban_mute_char = None

--- a/irctest/controllers/nefarious.py
+++ b/irctest/controllers/nefarious.py
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from typing import Type
+
+from .ircu2 import Ircu2Controller
+
+
+class NefariousController(Ircu2Controller):
+    software_name = "Nefarious"
+
+
+def get_irctest_controller_class() -> Type[NefariousController]:
+    return NefariousController
--- a/irctest/controllers/ngircd.py
+++ b/irctest/controllers/ngircd.py
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from irctest.irc_utils.junkdrawer import find_hostname_and_port
 TEMPLATE_CONFIG = """
 [Global]
    Name = My.Little.Server
-    Info = ExampleNET Server
+    Info = test server
    Bind = {hostname}
    Ports = {port}
    AdminInfo1 = Bob Smith
--- a/irctest/controllers/unrealircd.py
+++ b/irctest/controllers/unrealircd.py
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ include "help/help.conf";

 me {{
    name "My.Little.Server";
-    info "ExampleNET Server";
+    info "test server";
    sid "001";
 }}
 admin {{
--- a/irctest/dashboard/format.py
+++ b/irctest/dashboard/format.py
@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+import base64
+import dataclasses
+import gzip
+import hashlib
+import importlib
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+)
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+from defusedxml.ElementTree import parse as parse_xml
+import docutils.core
+
+NETLIFY_CHAR_BLACKLIST = frozenset('":<>|*?\r\n#')
+"""Characters not allowed in output filenames"""
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class CaseResult:
+    module_name: str
+    class_name: str
+    test_name: str
+    job: str
+    success: bool
+    skipped: bool
+    system_out: Optional[str]
+    details: Optional[str] = None
+    type: Optional[str] = None
+    message: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def output_filename(self):
+        test_name = self.test_name
+        if len(test_name) > 50 or set(test_name) & NETLIFY_CHAR_BLACKLIST:
+            # File name too long or otherwise invalid. This should be good enough:
+            m = re.match(r"(?P<function_name>\w+?)\[(?P<params>.+)\]", test_name)
+            assert m, "File name is too long but has no parameter."
+            test_name = f'{m.group("function_name")}[{md5sum(m.group("params"))}]'
+        return f"{self.job}_{self.module_name}.{self.class_name}.{test_name}.txt"
+
+
+TK = TypeVar("TK")
+TV = TypeVar("TV")
+
+
+def md5sum(text: str) -> str:
+    return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(hashlib.md5(text.encode()).digest()).decode()
+
+
+def group_by(list_: Iterable[TV], key: Callable[[TV], TK]) -> Dict[TK, List[TV]]:
+    groups: Dict[TK, List[TV]] = {}
+    for value in list_:
+        groups.setdefault(key(value), []).append(value)
+
+    return groups
+
+
+def iter_job_results(job_file_name: Path, job: ET.ElementTree) -> Iterator[CaseResult]:
+    (suite,) = job.getroot()
+    for case in suite:
+        if "name" not in case.attrib:
+            continue
+
+        success = True
+        skipped = False
+        details = None
+        system_out = None
+        extra = {}
+        for child in case:
+            if child.tag == "skipped":
+                success = True
+                skipped = True
+                details = None
+                extra = child.attrib
+            elif child.tag in ("failure", "error"):
+                success = False
+                skipped = False
+                details = child.text
+                extra = child.attrib
+            elif child.tag == "system-out":
+                assert (
+                    system_out is None
+                    # for some reason, skipped tests have two system-out;
+                    # and the second one contains test teardown
+                    or child.text.startswith(system_out.rstrip())
+                ), ("Duplicate system-out tag", repr(system_out), repr(child.text))
+                system_out = child.text
+            else:
+                assert False, child
+
+        (module_name, class_name) = case.attrib["classname"].rsplit(".", 1)
+        m = re.match(
+            r"(.*/)?pytest[ -]results[ _](?P<name>.*)"
+            r"[ _][(]?(stable|release|devel|devel_release)[)]?/pytest.xml(.gz)?",
+            str(job_file_name),
+        )
+        assert m, job_file_name
+        yield CaseResult(
+            module_name=module_name,
+            class_name=class_name,
+            test_name=case.attrib["name"],
+            job=m.group("name"),
+            success=success,
+            skipped=skipped,
+            details=details,
+            system_out=system_out,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+def rst_to_element(s: str) -> ET.Element:
+    html = docutils.core.publish_parts(s, writer_name="xhtml")["html_body"]
+    htmltree = ET.fromstring(html)
+    return htmltree
+
+
+def append_docstring(element: ET.Element, obj: object) -> None:
+    if obj.__doc__ is None:
+        return
+
+    element.append(rst_to_element(obj.__doc__))
+
+
+def build_module_html(
+    jobs: List[str], results: List[CaseResult], module_name: str
+) -> ET.Element:
+    module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
+
+    root = ET.Element("html")
+    head = ET.SubElement(root, "head")
+    ET.SubElement(head, "title").text = module_name
+    ET.SubElement(head, "link", rel="stylesheet", type="text/css", href="./style.css")
+
+    body = ET.SubElement(root, "body")
+
+    ET.SubElement(body, "h1").text = module_name
+
+    append_docstring(body, module)
+
+    results_by_class = group_by(results, lambda r: r.class_name)
+
+    table = ET.SubElement(body, "table")
+    table.set("class", "test-matrix")
+
+    job_row = ET.Element("tr")
+    ET.SubElement(job_row, "th")  # column of case name
+    for job in jobs:
+        cell = ET.SubElement(job_row, "th")
+        ET.SubElement(ET.SubElement(cell, "div"), "span").text = job
+        cell.set("class", "job-name")
+
+    for (class_name, class_results) in sorted(results_by_class.items()):
+        # Header row: class name
+        header_row = ET.SubElement(table, "tr")
+        th = ET.SubElement(header_row, "th", colspan=str(len(jobs) + 1))
+        row_anchor = f"{class_name}"
+        section_header = ET.SubElement(
+            ET.SubElement(th, "h2"),
+            "a",
+            href=f"#{row_anchor}",
+            id=row_anchor,
+        )
+        section_header.text = class_name
+        append_docstring(th, getattr(module, class_name))
+
+        # Header row: one column for each implementation
+        table.append(job_row)
+
+        # One row for each test:
+        results_by_test = group_by(class_results, key=lambda r: r.test_name)
+        for (test_name, test_results) in sorted(results_by_test.items()):
+            row_anchor = f"{class_name}.{test_name}"
+            if len(row_anchor) >= 50:
+                # Too long; give up on generating readable URL
+                # TODO: only hash test parameter
+                row_anchor = md5sum(row_anchor)
+
+            row = ET.SubElement(table, "tr", id=row_anchor)
+
+            cell = ET.SubElement(row, "th")
+            cell.set("class", "test-name")
+            cell_link = ET.SubElement(cell, "a", href=f"#{row_anchor}")
+            cell_link.text = test_name
+
+            results_by_job = group_by(test_results, key=lambda r: r.job)
+            for job_name in jobs:
+                cell = ET.SubElement(row, "td")
+                try:
+                    (result,) = results_by_job[job_name]
+                except KeyError:
+                    cell.set("class", "deselected")
+                    cell.text = "d"
+                    continue
+
+                text: Optional[str]
+
+                if result.skipped:
+                    cell.set("class", "skipped")
+                    if result.type == "pytest.skip":
+                        text = "s"
+                    elif result.type == "pytest.xfail":
+                        text = "X"
+                        cell.set("class", "expected-failure")
+                    else:
+                        text = result.type
+                elif result.success:
+                    cell.set("class", "success")
+                    if result.type:
+                        # dead code?
+                        text = result.type
+                    else:
+                        text = "."
+                else:
+                    cell.set("class", "failure")
+                    if result.type:
+                        # dead code?
+                        text = result.type
+                    else:
+                        text = "f"
+
+                if result.system_out:
+                    # There is a log file; link to it.
+                    a = ET.SubElement(cell, "a", href=f"./{result.output_filename()}")
+                    a.text = text or "?"
+                else:
+                    cell.text = text or "?"
+                if result.message:
+                    cell.set("title", result.message)
+
+    return root
+
+
+def write_html_pages(
+    output_dir: Path, results: List[CaseResult]
+) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
+    """Returns the list of (module_name, file_name)."""
+    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    results_by_module = group_by(results, lambda r: r.module_name)
+
+    # used as columns
+    jobs = list(sorted({r.job for r in results}))
+
+    job_categories = {}
+    for job in jobs:
+        is_client = any(
+            "client_tests" in result.module_name and result.job == job
+            for result in results
+        )
+        is_server = any(
+            "server_tests" in result.module_name and result.job == job
+            for result in results
+        )
+        assert is_client != is_server, (job, is_client, is_server)
+        if job.endswith(("-atheme", "-anope")):
+            assert is_server
+            job_categories[job] = "server-with-services"
+        elif is_server:
+            job_categories[job] = "server"  # with or without services
+        else:
+            assert is_client
+            job_categories[job] = "client"
+
+    pages = []
+
+    for (module_name, module_results) in sorted(results_by_module.items()):
+        # Filter out client jobs if this is a server test module, and vice versa
+        module_categories = {
+            job_categories[result.job]
+            for result in results
+            if result.module_name == module_name and not result.skipped
+        }
+
+        module_jobs = [job for job in jobs if job_categories[job] in module_categories]
+
+        root = build_module_html(module_jobs, module_results, module_name)
+        file_name = f"{module_name}.xhtml"
+        write_xml_file(output_dir / file_name, root)
+        pages.append((module_name, file_name))
+
+    return pages
+
+
+def write_test_outputs(output_dir: Path, results: List[CaseResult]) -> None:
+    """Writes stdout files of each test."""
+    for result in results:
+        if result.system_out is None:
+            continue
+        output_file = output_dir / result.output_filename()
+        with output_file.open("wt") as fd:
+            fd.write(result.system_out)
+
+
+def write_html_index(output_dir: Path, pages: List[Tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
+    root = ET.Element("html")
+    head = ET.SubElement(root, "head")
+    ET.SubElement(head, "title").text = "irctest dashboard"
+    ET.SubElement(head, "link", rel="stylesheet", type="text/css", href="./style.css")
+
+    body = ET.SubElement(root, "body")
+
+    ET.SubElement(body, "h1").text = "irctest dashboard"
+
+    dl = ET.SubElement(body, "dl")
+    dl.set("class", "module-index")
+
+    for (module_name, file_name) in sorted(pages):
+        module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
+
+        link = ET.SubElement(ET.SubElement(dl, "dt"), "a", href=f"./{file_name}")
+        link.text = module_name
+        append_docstring(ET.SubElement(dl, "dd"), module)
+
+    write_xml_file(output_dir / "index.xhtml", root)
+
+
+def write_assets(output_dir: Path) -> None:
+    css_path = output_dir / "style.css"
+    source_css_path = Path(__file__).parent / "style.css"
+    with css_path.open("wt") as fd:
+        with source_css_path.open() as source_fd:
+            fd.write(source_fd.read())
+
+
+def write_xml_file(filename: Path, root: ET.Element) -> None:
+    # Hacky: ET expects the namespace to be present in every tag we create instead;
+    # but it would be excessively verbose.
+    root.set("xmlns", "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml")
+
+    # Serialize
+    s = ET.tostring(root)
+
+    with filename.open("wb") as fd:
+        fd.write(s)
+
+
+def parse_xml_file(filename: Path) -> ET.ElementTree:
+    fd: IO
+    if filename.suffix == ".gz":
+        with gzip.open(filename, "rb") as fd:  # type: ignore
+            return parse_xml(fd)  # type: ignore
+    else:
+        with open(filename) as fd:
+            return parse_xml(fd)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def main(output_path: Path, filenames: List[Path]) -> int:
+    results = [
+        result
+        for filename in filenames
+        for result in iter_job_results(filename, parse_xml_file(filename))
+    ]
+
+    pages = write_html_pages(output_path, results)
+
+    write_html_index(output_path, pages)
+    write_test_outputs(output_path, results)
+    write_assets(output_path)
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    (_, output_path, *filenames) = sys.argv
+    exit(main(Path(output_path), list(map(Path, filenames))))
--- a/irctest/dashboard/github_download.py
+++ b/irctest/dashboard/github_download.py
@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import dataclasses
+import gzip
+import io
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+from typing import Iterator
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+import zipfile
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Artifact:
+    repo: str
+    run_id: int
+    name: str
+    download_url: str
+
+    @property
+    def public_download_url(self):
+        # GitHub API is not available publicly for artifacts, we need to use
+        # a third-party proxy to access it...
+        name = urllib.parse.quote(self.name)
+        return f"https://nightly.link/{repo}/actions/runs/{self.run_id}/{name}.zip"
+
+
+def iter_run_artifacts(repo: str, run_id: int) -> Iterator[Artifact]:
+    request = urllib.request.Request(
+        f"https://api.github.com/repos/{repo}/actions/runs/{run_id}/artifacts"
+        "?per_page=100",
+        headers={"Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json"},
+    )
+
+    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
+
+    for artifact in json.load(response)["artifacts"]:
+        if not artifact["name"].startswith(("pytest-results_", "pytest results ")):
+            continue
+        if artifact["expired"]:
+            continue
+        yield Artifact(
+            repo=repo,
+            run_id=run_id,
+            name=artifact["name"],
+            download_url=artifact["archive_download_url"],
+        )
+
+
+def download_artifact(output_name: Path, url: str) -> None:
+    if output_name.exists():
+        return
+    response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
+    archive_bytes = response.read()  # Can't stream it, it's a ZIP
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(io.BytesIO(archive_bytes)) as archive:
+        with archive.open("pytest.xml") as input_fd:
+            pytest_xml = input_fd.read()
+
+    tmp_output_path = output_name.with_suffix(".tmp")
+    with gzip.open(tmp_output_path, "wb") as output_fd:
+        output_fd.write(pytest_xml)
+
+    # Atomically write to the output path, so that we don't write partial files in case
+    # the download process is interrupted
+    tmp_output_path.rename(output_name)
+
+
+def main(output_dir: Path, repo: str, run_id: int) -> int:
+    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    run_path = output_dir / str(run_id)
+    run_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+
+    for artifact in iter_run_artifacts(repo, run_id):
+        artifact_path = run_path / artifact.name / "pytest.xml.gz"
+        artifact_path.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+        try:
+            download_artifact(artifact_path, artifact.download_url)
+        except Exception:
+            download_artifact(artifact_path, artifact.public_download_url)
+        print("downloaded", artifact.name)
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    (_, output_path, repo, run_id) = sys.argv
+    exit(main(Path(output_path), repo, int(run_id)))
--- a/irctest/dashboard/style.css
+++ b/irctest/dashboard/style.css
@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+    body {
+        background-color: #121212;
+        color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.87);
+    }
+    a {
+        filter: invert(0.85) hue-rotate(180deg);
+    }
+}
+
+dl.module-index {
+    column-width: 40em; /* Magic constant for 2 columns on average laptop/desktop */
+}
+
+/* Only 1px solid border between cells */
+table.test-matrix {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+table.test-matrix td {
+    text-align: center;
+    border: 1px solid grey;
+}
+
+/* Make link take the whole cell */
+table.test-matrix td a {
+    display: block;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 100%;
+    color: black;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* Test matrix colors */
+table.test-matrix .deselected {
+    background-color: grey;
+}
+table.test-matrix .success {
+    background-color: green;
+}
+table.test-matrix .skipped {
+    background-color: yellow;
+}
+table.test-matrix .failure {
+    background-color: red;
+}
+table.test-matrix .expected-failure {
+    background-color: orange;
+}
+
+/* Rotate headers, thanks to https://css-tricks.com/rotated-table-column-headers/ */
+th.job-name {
+  height: 140px;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+th.job-name > div {
+  transform:
+    translate(28px, 50px)
+    rotate(315deg);
+  width: 40px;
+}
+th.job-name > div > span {
+  border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
+  padding-left: 0px;
+}
--- a/irctest/self_tests/cases.py
+++ b/irctest/self_tests/cases.py
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Internal checks of assertion implementations."""
+
 from typing import Dict, List, Tuple

 import pytest
--- a/irctest/server_tests/account_registration.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/account_registration.py
@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+"""
+`Draft IRCv3 account-registration
+<https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/account-registration>`_
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR

--- a/irctest/server_tests/account_tag.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/account_tag.py
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """
-<http://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/account-tag-3.2.html>
+`IRCv3 account-tag <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/account-tag>`_
 """

 from irctest import cases


@cases.mark_services
-class AccountTagTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class AccountTagTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    def connectRegisteredClient(self, nick):
        self.addClient()
        self.sendLine(2, "CAP LS 302")
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class AccountTagTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        self.skipToWelcome(2)

    @cases.mark_capabilities("account-tag")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    def testPrivmsg(self):
        self.connectClient("foo", capabilities=["account-tag"], skip_if_cap_nak=True)
        self.getMessages(1)
@ -54,7 +54,10 @@ class AccountTagTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        )

    @cases.mark_capabilities("account-tag")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Charybdis"], "https://github.com/solanum-ircd/solanum/issues/166"
+    )
    def testInvite(self):
        self.connectClient("foo", capabilities=["account-tag"], skip_if_cap_nak=True)
        self.getMessages(1)
--- a/irctest/server_tests/away.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/away.py
@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+"""
+AWAY command (`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-4.1>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#away-message>`__)
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import RPL_AWAY, RPL_NOWAWAY, RPL_UNAWAY, RPL_USERHOST
 from irctest.patma import StrRe
@ -32,7 +37,7 @@ class AwayTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        """
        "The server acknowledges the change in away status by returning the
        `RPL_NOWAWAY` and `RPL_UNAWAY` numerics."
-        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/100
+        -- https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#away-message
        """
        self.connectClient("bar")
        self.sendLine(1, "AWAY :I'm not here right now")
@ -48,7 +53,7 @@ class AwayTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        """
        "Servers SHOULD notify clients when a user they're interacting with
        is away when relevant"
-        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/100
+        -- https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#away-message

        "<client> <nick> :<message>"
        -- https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#rplaway-301
@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ class AwayTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        """
        "Servers SHOULD notify clients when a user they're interacting with
        is away when relevant"
-        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/100
+        -- https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#away-message

        "<client> <nick> :<message>"
        -- https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#rplaway-301
@ -113,7 +118,7 @@ class AwayTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        """
        "Servers SHOULD notify clients when a user they're interacting with
        is away when relevant"
-        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/100
+        -- https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#away-message

        "<client> <nick> :<message>"
        -- https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#rplaway-301
--- a/irctest/server_tests/away_notify.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/away_notify.py
@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 """
-<https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/away-notify-3.1>
+`IRCv3 away-notify <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/away-notify>`_
 """

 from irctest import cases


-class AwayNotifyTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class AwayNotifyTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_capabilities("away-notify")
    def testAwayNotify(self):
        """Basic away-notify test."""
--- a/irctest/server_tests/bot_mode.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/bot_mode.py
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """
-Draft bot mode specification, as defined in
-<https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/bot-mode>
+`IRCv3 draft bot mode <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/bot-mode>`_
 """

 from irctest import cases, runner
@ -68,6 +67,10 @@ class BotModeTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            message, command=RPL_WHOISBOT, params=["usernick", "botnick", ANYSTR]
        )

+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["InspIRCd"],
+        "Uses only vendor tags for now: https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1910",
+    )
    def testBotPrivateMessage(self):
        self._initBot()

@ -85,6 +88,10 @@ class BotModeTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            tags={"draft/bot": None, **ANYDICT},
        )

+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["InspIRCd"],
+        "Uses only vendor tags for now: https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1910",
+    )
    def testBotChannelMessage(self):
        self._initBot()

--- a/irctest/server_tests/bouncer.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/bouncer.py
@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+"""
+`Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_-specific tests of
+`multiclient features
+<https://github.com/ergochat/ergo/blob/master/docs/MANUAL.md#multiclient-bouncer>`_
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.irc_utils.sasl import sasl_plain_blob
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE, RPL_WELCOME
--- a/irctest/server_tests/buffering.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/buffering.py
@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-"""Sends packets with various length to check the server reassembles them
-correctly. Also checks truncation"""
+"""
+Sends packets with various length to check the server reassembles them
+correctly. Also checks truncation.
+"""

 import socket
 import time
@ -30,6 +32,16 @@ def _sendBytePerByte(self, line):


 class BufferingTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Bahamut"],
+        "cannot pass because of issues with UTF-8 handling: "
+        "https://github.com/DALnet/bahamut/issues/196",
+    )
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["ircu2", "Nefarious", "snircd"],
+        "ircu2 discards the whole buffer on long lines "
+        "(TODO: refine how we exclude these tests)",
+    )
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "sender_function,colon",
        [
--- a/irctest/server_tests/cap.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/cap.py
@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+"""
+`IRCv3 Capability negotiation
+<https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/capability-negotiation>`_
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR
 from irctest.runner import CapabilityNotSupported, ImplementationChoice


-class CapTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class CapTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
    def testNoReq(self):
        """Test the server handles gracefully clients which do not send
@ -73,6 +78,10 @@ class CapTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["UnrealIRCd"],
+        "UnrealIRCd sends a trailing space on CAP NAK: https://github.com/unrealircd/unrealircd/pull/148",
+    )
    def testNakWhole(self):
        """“The capability identifier set must be accepted as a whole, or
        rejected entirely.”
@ -120,6 +129,10 @@ class CapTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["UnrealIRCd"],
+        "UnrealIRCd sends a trailing space on CAP NAK: https://github.com/unrealircd/unrealircd/pull/148",
+    )
    def testCapRemovalByClient(self):
        """Test CAP LIST and removal of caps via CAP REQ :-tagname."""
        cap1 = "echo-message"
@ -172,3 +185,60 @@ class CapTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        enabled_caps.discard("cap-notify")  # implicitly added by some impls
        self.assertEqual(enabled_caps, {cap1})
        self.assertNotIn("time", cap_list.tags)
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
+    def testIrc301CapLs(self):
+        """
+        Current version:
+
+        "The LS subcommand is used to list the capabilities supported by the server.
+        The client should send an LS subcommand with no other arguments to solicit
+        a list of all capabilities."
+
+        "If a client has not indicated support for CAP LS 302 features,
+        the server MUST NOT send these new features to the client."
+        -- <https://ircv3.net/specs/core/capability-negotiation.html>
+
+        Before the v3.1 / v3.2 merge:
+
+        IRCv3.1: “The LS subcommand is used to list the capabilities
+        supported by the server. The client should send an LS subcommand with
+        no other arguments to solicit a list of all capabilities.”
+        -- <http://ircv3.net/specs/core/capability-negotiation-3.1.html#the-cap-ls-subcommand>
+
+        IRCv3.2: “Servers MUST NOT send messages described by this document if
+        the client only supports version 3.1.”
+        -- <http://ircv3.net/specs/core/capability-negotiation-3.2.html#version-in-cap-ls>
+        """  # noqa
+        self.addClient()
+        self.sendLine(1, "CAP LS")
+        m = self.getRegistrationMessage(1)
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            m.params[2],
+            "*",
+            m,
+            fail_msg="Server replied with multi-line CAP LS to a "
+            "“CAP LS” (ie. IRCv3.1) request: {msg}",
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(
+            any("=" in cap for cap in m.params[2].split()),
+            "Server replied with a name-value capability in "
+            "CAP LS reply as a response to “CAP LS” (ie. IRCv3.1) "
+            "request: {}".format(m),
+        )
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
+    def testEmptyCapList(self):
+        """“If no capabilities are active, an empty parameter must be sent.”
+        -- <http://ircv3.net/specs/core/capability-negotiation-3.1.html#the-cap-list-subcommand>
+        """  # noqa
+        self.addClient()
+        self.sendLine(1, "CAP LIST")
+        m = self.getRegistrationMessage(1)
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            m,
+            command="CAP",
+            params=["*", "LIST", ""],
+            fail_msg="Sending “CAP LIST” as first message got a reply "
+            "that is not “CAP * LIST :”: {msg}",
+        )
--- a/irctest/server_tests/channel.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/channel.py
@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+Channel casemapping
+"""
+
 import pytest

 from irctest import cases, client_mock, runner
--- a/irctest/server_tests/channel_forward.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/channel_forward.py
@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+"""
+`Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_-specific tests of channel forwarding
+
+TODO: Should be extended to other servers, once a specification is written.
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED, ERR_INVALIDMODEPARAM, ERR_LINKCHANNEL

--- a/irctest/server_tests/channel_rename.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/channel_rename.py
@ -1,24 +1,22 @@
+"""
+`Draft IRCv3 channel-rename <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/channel-rename>`_
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED

-MODERN_CAPS = [
-    "server-time",
-    "message-tags",
-    "batch",
-    "labeled-response",
-    "echo-message",
-    "account-tag",
-]
 RENAME_CAP = "draft/channel-rename"


+@cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
 class ChannelRenameTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    """Basic tests for channel-rename."""

-    @cases.mark_specifications("Ergo")
    def testChannelRename(self):
-        self.connectClient("bar", name="bar", capabilities=MODERN_CAPS + [RENAME_CAP])
-        self.connectClient("baz", name="baz", capabilities=MODERN_CAPS)
+        self.connectClient(
+            "bar", name="bar", capabilities=[RENAME_CAP], skip_if_cap_nak=True
+        )
+        self.connectClient("baz", name="baz")
        self.joinChannel("bar", "#bar")
        self.joinChannel("baz", "#bar")
        self.getMessages("bar")
--- a/irctest/server_tests/chathistory.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/chathistory.py
@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+"""
+`IRCv3 draft chathistory <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/chathistory>`_
+"""
+
+import functools
 import secrets
 import time

 import pytest

-from irctest import cases
+from irctest import cases, runner
 from irctest.irc_utils.junkdrawer import random_name
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR

@ -38,6 +43,16 @@ def validate_chathistory_batch(msgs):
    return result


+def skip_ngircd(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def newf(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.controller.software_name == "ngIRCd":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("nicks longer 9 characters")
+        return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return newf
+
+
@cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
@cases.mark_services
 class ChathistoryTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
@ -45,6 +60,7 @@ class ChathistoryTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    def config() -> cases.TestCaseControllerConfig:
        return cases.TestCaseControllerConfig(chathistory=True)

+    @skip_ngircd
    def testInvalidTargets(self):
        bar, pw = random_name("bar"), random_name("pw")
        self.controller.registerUser(self, bar, pw)
@ -90,6 +106,7 @@ class ChathistoryTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        )

    @pytest.mark.private_chathistory
+    @skip_ngircd
    def testMessagesToSelf(self):
        bar, pw = random_name("bar"), random_name("pw")
        self.controller.registerUser(self, bar, pw)
@ -162,7 +179,19 @@ class ChathistoryTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        self.assertEqual(len(set(msg.time for msg in echo_messages)), num_messages)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("subcommand", SUBCOMMANDS)
+    @skip_ngircd
    def testChathistory(self, subcommand):
+        if subcommand == "BETWEEN" and self.controller.software_name == "UnrealIRCd":
+            pytest.xfail(
+                "CHATHISTORY BETWEEN does not apply bounds correct "
+                "https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5952"
+            )
+        if subcommand == "AROUND" and self.controller.software_name == "UnrealIRCd":
+            pytest.xfail(
+                "CHATHISTORY AROUND excludes 'central' messages "
+                "https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5953"
+            )
+
        self.connectClient(
            "bar",
            capabilities=[
@ -194,6 +223,7 @@ class ChathistoryTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        self.validate_chathistory(subcommand, echo_messages, 1, chname)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("subcommand", SUBCOMMANDS)
+    @skip_ngircd
    def testChathistoryEventPlayback(self, subcommand):
        self.connectClient(
            "bar",
@ -227,6 +257,7 @@ class ChathistoryTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("subcommand", SUBCOMMANDS)
    @pytest.mark.private_chathistory
+    @skip_ngircd
    def testChathistoryDMs(self, subcommand):
        c1 = "foo" + secrets.token_hex(12)
        c2 = "bar" + secrets.token_hex(12)
@ -549,6 +580,7 @@ class ChathistoryTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        self.assertIn(echo_messages[7], result)

    @pytest.mark.arbitrary_client_tags
+    @skip_ngircd
    def testChathistoryTagmsg(self):
        c1 = "foo" + secrets.token_hex(12)
        c2 = "bar" + secrets.token_hex(12)
@ -647,6 +679,7 @@ class ChathistoryTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

    @pytest.mark.arbitrary_client_tags
    @pytest.mark.private_chathistory
+    @skip_ngircd
    def testChathistoryDMClientOnlyTags(self):
        # regression test for Ergo #1411
        c1 = "foo" + secrets.token_hex(12)
--- a/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/auditorium.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/auditorium.py
@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+"""
+`Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_-specific tests of auditorium mode
+
+TODO: Should be extended to other servers, once a specification is written.
+"""
+
 import math
 import time

--- a/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/ban.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/ban.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+Channel ban (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.3.1>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.3>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#ban-channel-mode>`__)
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_BANNEDFROMCHAN, RPL_BANLIST, RPL_ENDOFBANLIST
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR, StrRe
@ -26,7 +33,7 @@ class BanModeTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testBanList(self):
-        """https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/125"""
+        """`RPL_BANLIST <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#rplbanlist-367>`"""
        self.connectClient("chanop")
        self.joinChannel(1, "#chan")
        self.getMessages(1)
--- a/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/ergo.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/ergo.py
@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+Various Ergo-specific channel modes
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN, ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED

--- a/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/key.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/key.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+Channel key (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.3.1>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.3>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#key-channel-mode>`__)
+"""
+
 import pytest

 from irctest import cases
@ -57,6 +64,21 @@ class KeyTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        -- https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#key-channel-mode
        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/111
        """
+        if key == "" and self.controller.software_name in (
+            "ircu2",
+            "Nefarious",
+            "snircd",
+        ):
+            pytest.xfail(
+                "ircu2 returns ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS on empty keys: "
+                "https://github.com/UndernetIRC/ircu2/issues/13"
+            )
+        if (key == "" or " " in key) and self.controller.software_name == "ngIRCd":
+            pytest.xfail(
+                "ngIRCd does not validate channel keys: "
+                "https://github.com/ngircd/ngircd/issues/290"
+            )
+
        self.connectClient("bar")
        self.joinChannel(1, "#chan")
        self.sendLine(1, f"MODE #chan +k :{key}")
--- a/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/moderated.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/moderated.py
@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+"""
+Channel moderation mode (`RFC 2812
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.3>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#ban-channel-mode>`__)
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN

--- a/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/mute_extban.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/mute_extban.py
@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+Mute extban, currently no specifications or ways to discover it.
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases, runner
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN, ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED
 from irctest.patma import ANYLIST, StrRe
--- a/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/secret.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/chmodes/secret.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+Channel secrecy mode (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.3.1>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.3>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#secret-channel-mode>`__)
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import RPL_LIST

--- a/irctest/server_tests/confusables.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/confusables.py
@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+"""
+`Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_-specific tests for nick collisions based on Unicode
+confusable characters
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE, RPL_WELCOME

--- a/irctest/server_tests/connection_registration.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/connection_registration.py
@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 """
 Tests section 4.1 of RFC 1459.
 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1459#section-4.1>
+
+TODO: cross-reference Modern and RFC 2812 too
 """

 from irctest import cases
@ -82,6 +84,10 @@ class ConnectionRegistrationTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            self.getMessages(1)

    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(["Charybdis", "Solanum"], "very flaky")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["ircu2", "Nefarious", "snircd"], "ircu2 does not send ERROR"
+    )
    def testQuitErrors(self):
        """“A client session is terminated with a quit message.  The server
        acknowledges this by sending an ERROR message to the client.”
@ -162,6 +168,10 @@ class ConnectionRegistrationTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            "neither got 001.",
        )

+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["ircu2", "Nefarious", "ngIRCd"],
+        "uses a default value instead of ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS",
+    )
    def testEmptyRealname(self):
        """
        Syntax:
@ -183,60 +193,3 @@ class ConnectionRegistrationTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            command=ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS,
            params=[StrRe(r"(\*|foo)"), "USER", ANYSTR],
        )
-
-    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    def testIrc301CapLs(self):
-        """
-        Current version:
-
-        "The LS subcommand is used to list the capabilities supported by the server.
-        The client should send an LS subcommand with no other arguments to solicit
-        a list of all capabilities."
-
-        "If a client has not indicated support for CAP LS 302 features,
-        the server MUST NOT send these new features to the client."
-        -- <https://ircv3.net/specs/core/capability-negotiation.html>
-
-        Before the v3.1 / v3.2 merge:
-
-        IRCv3.1: “The LS subcommand is used to list the capabilities
-        supported by the server. The client should send an LS subcommand with
-        no other arguments to solicit a list of all capabilities.”
-        -- <http://ircv3.net/specs/core/capability-negotiation-3.1.html#the-cap-ls-subcommand>
-
-        IRCv3.2: “Servers MUST NOT send messages described by this document if
-        the client only supports version 3.1.”
-        -- <http://ircv3.net/specs/core/capability-negotiation-3.2.html#version-in-cap-ls>
-        """  # noqa
-        self.addClient()
-        self.sendLine(1, "CAP LS")
-        m = self.getRegistrationMessage(1)
-        self.assertNotEqual(
-            m.params[2],
-            "*",
-            m,
-            fail_msg="Server replied with multi-line CAP LS to a "
-            "“CAP LS” (ie. IRCv3.1) request: {msg}",
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
-            any("=" in cap for cap in m.params[2].split()),
-            "Server replied with a name-value capability in "
-            "CAP LS reply as a response to “CAP LS” (ie. IRCv3.1) "
-            "request: {}".format(m),
-        )
-
-    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    def testEmptyCapList(self):
-        """“If no capabilities are active, an empty parameter must be sent.”
-        -- <http://ircv3.net/specs/core/capability-negotiation-3.1.html#the-cap-list-subcommand>
-        """  # noqa
-        self.addClient()
-        self.sendLine(1, "CAP LIST")
-        m = self.getRegistrationMessage(1)
-        self.assertMessageMatch(
-            m,
-            command="CAP",
-            params=["*", "LIST", ""],
-            fail_msg="Sending “CAP LIST” as first message got a reply "
-            "that is not “CAP * LIST :”: {msg}",
-        )
--- a/irctest/server_tests/echo_message.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/echo_message.py
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
-<http://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/echo-message-3.2.html>
+`IRCv3 echo-message <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/echo-message>`_
 """

 import pytest
--- a/irctest/server_tests/ergo/services.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/ergo/services.py
@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+`Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`-specific tests of NickServ.
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import RPL_YOUREOPER

--- a/irctest/server_tests/extended_join.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/extended_join.py
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """
-<http://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/extended-join-3.1.html>
+`IRCv3 extended-join <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/extended-join>`_
 """

 from irctest import cases


@cases.mark_services
-class MetadataTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class MetadataTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    def connectRegisteredClient(self, nick):
        self.addClient()
        self.sendLine(2, "CAP LS 302")
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class MetadataTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        )

    @cases.mark_capabilities("extended-join")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    def testLoggedIn(self):
        self.connectClient("foo", capabilities=["extended-join"], skip_if_cap_nak=True)
        self.joinChannel(1, "#chan")
--- a/irctest/server_tests/help.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/help.py
@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 """
-The HELP and HELPOP command.
+The HELP and HELPOP command (`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#help-message>`__)
 """

+import functools
 import re

 import pytest
@ -17,6 +18,30 @@ from irctest.numerics import (
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR, StrRe


+def with_xfails(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def newf(self, command, *args, **kwargs):
+        if command == "HELP" and self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController(
+                "fail because Bahamut forwards /HELP to HelpServ (but not /HELPOP)"
+            )
+
+        if self.controller.software_name in ("irc2", "ircu2", "ngIRCd"):
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController(
+                "numerics in reply to /HELP and /HELPOP (uses NOTICE instead)"
+            )
+
+        if self.controller.software_name == "UnrealIRCd":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController(
+                "fails because Unreal uses custom numerics "
+                "https://github.com/unrealircd/unrealircd/pull/184"
+            )
+
+        return f(self, command, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return newf
+
+
 class HelpTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    def _assertValidHelp(self, messages, subject):
        if subject != ANYSTR:
@ -46,6 +71,7 @@ class HelpTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["HELP", "HELPOP"])
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
+    @with_xfails
    def testHelpNoArg(self, command):
        self.connectClient("nick")
        self.sendLine(1, f"{command}")
@ -59,6 +85,7 @@ class HelpTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["HELP", "HELPOP"])
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
+    @with_xfails
    def testHelpPrivmsg(self, command):
        self.connectClient("nick")
        self.sendLine(1, f"{command} PRIVMSG")
@ -71,6 +98,7 @@ class HelpTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("command", ["HELP", "HELPOP"])
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
+    @with_xfails
    def testHelpUnknownSubject(self, command):
        self.connectClient("nick")
        self.sendLine(1, f"{command} THISISNOTACOMMAND")
--- a/irctest/server_tests/info.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/info.py
@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 """
-The INFO command.
+The INFO command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.3.8>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.4.10>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#info-message>`__)
 """

 import pytest
@ -84,6 +87,9 @@ class InfoTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("target", ["invalid.server.example", "invalidserver"])
    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", deprecated=True)
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Ergo"], "does not apply to Ergo, which ignores the optional <target> argument"
+    )
    def testInfoNosuchserver(self, target):
        """
        <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.3.8>
--- a/irctest/server_tests/invite.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/invite.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+The INVITE command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.7>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.7>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#invite-message>`__)
+"""
+
 import pytest

 from irctest import cases
@ -110,7 +117,7 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            "got this instead: {msg}",
        )

-    def _testInvite(self, opped, invite_only, modern):
+    def _testInvite(self, opped, invite_only):
        """
        "Only the user inviting and the user being invited will receive
        notification of the invitation."
@ -163,7 +170,6 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            )

        self.sendLine(1, "INVITE bar #chan")
-        if modern:
        self.assertMessageMatch(
            self.getMessage(1),
            command=RPL_INVITING,
@ -172,14 +178,6 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            f"received “{RPL_INVITING} foo #chan bar” but got this instead: "
            f"{{msg}}",
        )
-        else:
-            self.assertMessageMatch(
-                self.getMessage(1),
-                command=RPL_INVITING,
-                params=["#chan", "bar"],
-                fail_msg=f"After “foo” invited “bar” to a channel, “foo” should have "
-                f"received “{RPL_INVITING} #chan bar” but got this instead: {{msg}}",
-            )

        messages = self.getMessages(2)
        self.assertNotEqual(
@ -197,24 +195,17 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        )

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("invite_only", [True, False])
-    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
-    def testInviteModern(self, invite_only):
-        self._testInvite(opped=True, invite_only=invite_only, modern=True)
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    def testInvite(self, invite_only):
+        self._testInvite(opped=True, invite_only=invite_only)

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("invite_only", [True, False])
-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", deprecated=True)
-    def testInviteRfc(self, invite_only):
-        self._testInvite(opped=True, invite_only=invite_only, modern=False)
-
-    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern", strict=True)
-    def testInviteUnoppedModern(self):
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern", strict=True)
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Hybrid", "Plexus4"], "the only strict test that Hybrid fails"
+    )
+    def testInviteUnopped(self):
        """Tests invites from unopped users on not-invite-only chans."""
-        self._testInvite(opped=False, invite_only=False, modern=True)
-
-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", deprecated=True, strict=True)
-    def testInviteUnoppedRfc(self, opped, invite_only):
-        """Tests invites from unopped users on not-invite-only chans."""
-        self._testInvite(opped=False, invite_only=False, modern=False)
+        self._testInvite(opped=False, invite_only=False)

    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812", "Modern")
    def testInviteNoNotificationForOtherMembers(self):
@ -248,7 +239,13 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            "were notified: {got}",
        )

-    def _testInviteInviteOnly(self, modern):
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Plexus4"],
+        "Plexus4 allows non-op to invite if (and only if) the channel is not "
+        "invite-only",
+    )
+    def testInviteInviteOnly(self):
        """
        "To invite a user to a channel which is invite only (MODE
        +i), the client sending the invite must be recognised as being a
@ -288,7 +285,6 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        )

        self.sendLine(1, "INVITE bar #chan")
-        if modern:
        self.assertMessageMatch(
            self.getMessage(1),
            command=ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED,
@ -297,26 +293,9 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            f"channel without being opped, “foo” should have received "
            f"“{ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED} foo #chan :*” but got this instead: {{msg}}",
        )
-        else:
-            self.assertMessageMatch(
-                self.getMessage(1),
-                command=ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED,
-                params=["#chan", ANYSTR],
-                fail_msg=f"After “foo” invited “bar” to a channel to an invite-only "
-                f"channel without being opped, “foo” should have received "
-                f"“{ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED} #chan :*” but got this instead: {{msg}}",
-            )
-
-    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
-    def testInviteInviteOnlyModern(self):
-        self._testInviteInviteOnly(modern=True)
-
-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", deprecated=True)
-    def testInviteInviteOnlyRfc(self):
-        self._testInviteInviteOnly(modern=False)

    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812", "Modern")
-    def _testInviteOnlyFromUsersInChannel(self, modern):
+    def testInviteOnlyFromUsersInChannel(self):
        """
        "if the channel exists, only members of the channel are allowed
        to invite other users"
@ -349,7 +328,6 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        self.getMessages(3)

        self.sendLine(1, "INVITE bar #chan")
-        if modern:
        self.assertMessageMatch(
            self.getMessage(1),
            command=ERR_NOTONCHANNEL,
@ -359,16 +337,6 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            f"“ERR_NOTONCHANNEL ({ERR_NOTONCHANNEL}) foo #chan :*” but "
            f"got this instead: {{msg}}",
        )
-        else:
-            self.assertMessageMatch(
-                self.getMessage(1),
-                command=ERR_NOTONCHANNEL,
-                params=["#chan", ANYSTR],
-                fail_msg=f"After “foo” invited “bar” to a channel it is not on "
-                f"#chan, “foo” should have received "
-                f"“ERR_NOTONCHANNEL ({ERR_NOTONCHANNEL}) #chan :*” but "
-                f"got this instead: {{msg}}",
-            )

        messages = self.getMessages(2)
        self.assertEqual(
@ -378,14 +346,6 @@ class InviteTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            "not in #chan, “bar” received something.",
        )

-    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
-    def testInviteOnlyFromUsersInChannelModern(self):
-        self._testInviteOnlyFromUsersInChannel(modern=True)
-
-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812", deprecated=True)
-    def testInviteOnlyFromUsersInChannelRfc(self):
-        self._testInviteOnlyFromUsersInChannel(modern=False)
-
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testInviteAlreadyInChannel(self):
        """
--- a/irctest/server_tests/isupport.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/isupport.py
@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+"""
+RPL_ISUPPORT: `format <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#rplisupport-005>`__
+and various `tokens <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#rplisupport-parameters>`__
+"""
+
 import re

 from irctest import cases, runner
--- a/irctest/server_tests/join.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/join.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+The JOIN command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.1>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.1>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#join-message>`__)
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.irc_utils import ambiguities

--- a/irctest/server_tests/kick.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/kick.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+The KICK command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.1>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#kick-message>`__)
+"""
+
 import pytest

 from irctest import cases, client_mock, runner
@ -89,6 +96,10 @@ class KickTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            self.assertMessageMatch(m3, command="KICK", params=["#chan", "bar", ANYSTR])

    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Charybdis", "ircu2", "irc2", "Solanum"],
+        "uses the nick of the kickee rather than the kicker.",
+    )
    def testKickDefaultComment(self):
        """
        "If a "comment" is
--- a/irctest/server_tests/labeled_responses.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/labeled_responses.py
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 """
+`IRCv3 labeled-response <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/labeled-response>`_
+
 This specification is a little hard to test because all labels are optional;
 so there may be many false positives.
-
-<https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/labeled-response.html>
 """

 import re
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from irctest.numerics import ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND
 from irctest.patma import ANYDICT, ANYOPTSTR, NotStrRe, RemainingKeys, StrRe


-class LabeledResponsesTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class LabeledResponsesTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_capabilities("echo-message", "batch", "labeled-response")
    def testLabeledPrivmsgResponsesToMultipleClients(self):
        self.connectClient(
--- a/irctest/server_tests/links.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/links.py
@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+from irctest import cases, runner
+from irctest.numerics import ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND, RPL_ENDOFLINKS, RPL_LINKS
+from irctest.patma import ANYSTR, StrRe
+
+
+class LinksTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    def testLinksSingleServer(self):
+        """
+        Only testing the parameter-less case.
+
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.3.3
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.4.5
+        https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/175
+
+        "
+        364     RPL_LINKS
+                        "<mask> <server> :<hopcount> <server info>"
+        365     RPL_ENDOFLINKS
+                        "<mask> :End of /LINKS list"
+
+                - In replying to the LINKS message, a server must send
+                  replies back using the RPL_LINKS numeric and mark the
+                  end of the list using an RPL_ENDOFLINKS reply.
+        "
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#page-51
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#page-48
+
+        RPL_LINKS: "<client> * <server> :<hopcount> <server info>"
+        RPL_ENDOFLINKS: "<client> * :End of /LINKS list"
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/175/files
+        """
+        self.connectClient("nick")
+        self.sendLine(1, "LINKS")
+        messages = self.getMessages(1)
+        if messages[0].command == ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND:
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("LINKS")
+
+        # Ignore '/LINKS has been disabled' from ircu2
+        messages = [m for m in messages if m.command != "NOTICE"]
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            messages.pop(-1),
+            command=RPL_ENDOFLINKS,
+            params=["nick", "*", ANYSTR],
+        )
+
+        if not messages:
+            # This server probably redacts links
+            return
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            messages[0],
+            command=RPL_LINKS,
+            params=[
+                "nick",
+                "My.Little.Server",
+                "My.Little.Server",
+                StrRe("0 (0042 )?test server"),
+            ],
+        )
+
+
+@cases.mark_services
+class ServicesLinksTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
+    # On every IRCd but Ergo, services are linked.
+    # Ergo does not implement LINKS at all, so this test is skipped.
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    def testLinksWithServices(self):
+        """
+        Only testing the parameter-less case.
+
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.3.3
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.4.5
+
+        "
+        364     RPL_LINKS
+                        "<mask> <server> :<hopcount> <server info>"
+        365     RPL_ENDOFLINKS
+                        "<mask> :End of /LINKS list"
+
+                - In replying to the LINKS message, a server must send
+                  replies back using the RPL_LINKS numeric and mark the
+                  end of the list using an RPL_ENDOFLINKS reply.
+        "
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#page-51
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#page-48
+
+        RPL_LINKS: "<client> * <server> :<hopcount> <server info>"
+        RPL_ENDOFLINKS: "<client> * :End of /LINKS list"
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/175/files
+        """
+        self.connectClient("nick")
+        self.sendLine(1, "LINKS")
+        messages = self.getMessages(1)
+
+        if messages[0].command == ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND:
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("LINKS")
+
+        # Ignore '/LINKS has been disabled' from ircu2
+        messages = [m for m in messages if m.command != "NOTICE"]
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            messages.pop(-1),
+            command=RPL_ENDOFLINKS,
+            params=["nick", "*", ANYSTR],
+        )
+
+        if not messages:
+            # This server redacts links
+            return
+
+        messages.sort(key=lambda m: m.params[-1])
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            messages.pop(0),
+            command=RPL_LINKS,
+            params=[
+                "nick",
+                "My.Little.Server",
+                "My.Little.Server",
+                StrRe("0 (0042 )?test server"),
+            ],
+        )
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            messages.pop(0),
+            command=RPL_LINKS,
+            params=[
+                "nick",
+                "services.example.org",
+                "My.Little.Server",
+                StrRe("1 .+"),  # SID instead of description for Anope...
+            ],
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(messages, [])
--- a/irctest/server_tests/list.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/list.py
@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
+"""
+The LIST command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.6>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.6>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#list-message>`__)
+"""
+
 import time

+
+from irctest import cases
+
 from irctest import cases, runner
 from irctest.numerics import RPL_LIST, RPL_LISTEND, RPL_LISTSTART

@ -22,6 +32,7 @@ class _BasedListTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

 class ListTestCase(_BasedListTestCase):
    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(["irc2"], "irc2 deprecated LIST")
    def testListEmpty(self):
        """<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.6>
        <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.6>
@ -51,6 +62,7 @@ class ListTestCase(_BasedListTestCase):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(["irc2"], "irc2 deprecated LIST")
    def testListOne(self):
        """When a channel exists, LIST should get it in a reply.
        <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.6>
--- a/irctest/server_tests/lusers.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/lusers.py
@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+"""
+The LUSERS command  (`RFC 2812
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.4.2>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#lusers-message>`__),
+which provides statistics on user counts.
+"""
+
+
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import re
 from typing import Optional
@ -145,6 +153,10 @@ class BasicLusersTestCase(LusersTestCase):
        self.getLusers("bar", True)

    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["ircu2", "Nefarious", "snircd"],
+        "test depends on Modern behavior, not just RFC2812",
+    )
    def testLusersFull(self):
        self.connectClient("bar", name="bar")
        lusers = self.getLusers("bar", False)
@ -162,10 +174,22 @@ class BasicLusersTestCase(LusersTestCase):

 class LusersUnregisteredTestCase(LusersTestCase):
    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Nefarious"],
+        "Nefarious doesn't seem to distinguish unregistered users from normal ones",
+    )
    def testLusersRfc2812(self):
        self.doLusersTest(True)

    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Nefarious"],
+        "Nefarious doesn't seem to distinguish unregistered users from normal ones",
+    )
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["ircu2", "Nefarious", "snircd"],
+        "test depends on Modern behavior, not just RFC2812",
+    )
    def testLusersFull(self):
        self.doLusersTest(False)

@ -229,6 +253,10 @@ class LusersUnregisteredDefaultInvisibleTestCase(LusersUnregisteredTestCase):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("Ergo")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Nefarious"],
+        "Nefarious doesn't seem to distinguish unregistered users from normal ones",
+    )
    def testLusers(self):
        self.doLusersTest(False)
        lusers = self.getLusers("bar", False)
--- a/irctest/server_tests/message_tags.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/message_tags.py
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
-https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/message-tags.html
+`IRCv3 message-tags <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/message-tags>`_
 """

 import pytest
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from irctest.numerics import ERR_INPUTTOOLONG
 from irctest.patma import ANYDICT, ANYSTR, StrRe


-class MessageTagsTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class MessageTagsTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @pytest.mark.arbitrary_client_tags
    @cases.mark_capabilities("message-tags")
    def testBasic(self):
--- a/irctest/server_tests/messages.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/messages.py
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """
-Section 3.2 of RFC 2812
-<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2812#section-3.3>
+The PRIVMSG and NOTICE commands.
 """

 from irctest import cases
@ -52,6 +51,15 @@ class NoticeTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["InspIRCd"],
+        "replies with ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL to NOTICE to non-existent channels",
+    )
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["UnrealIRCd"],
+        "replies with ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL to NOTICE to non-existent channels: "
+        "https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5949",
+    )
    def testNoticeNonexistentChannel(self):
        """
        "automatic replies must never be
@ -72,6 +80,9 @@ class NoticeTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

 class TagsTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_capabilities("message-tags")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["UnrealIRCd"], "https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5947"
+    )
    def testLineTooLong(self):
        self.connectClient("bar", capabilities=["message-tags"], skip_if_cap_nak=True)
        self.connectClient(
--- a/irctest/server_tests/metadata.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/metadata.py
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """
-Tests METADATA features.
-<http://ircv3.net/specs/core/metadata-3.2.html>
+`Deprecated IRCv3 Metadata <https://ircv3.net/specs/core/metadata-3.2>`_
 """

 from irctest import cases
--- a/irctest/server_tests/monitor.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/monitor.py
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
-<http://ircv3.net/specs/core/monitor-3.2.html>
+`IRCv3 MONITOR <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/monitor>`_
 """

 from irctest import cases
--- a/irctest/server_tests/multi_prefix.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/multi_prefix.py
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """
-Tests multi-prefix.
-<http://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/multi-prefix-3.1.html>
+`IRCv3 multi-prefix <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/multi-prefix>`_
 """

 from irctest import cases
--- a/irctest/server_tests/multiline.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/multiline.py
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
-draft/multiline
+`Draft IRCv3 multiline <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/multiline>`_
 """

 from irctest import cases
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ CONCAT_TAG = "draft/multiline-concat"
 base_caps = ["message-tags", "batch", "echo-message", "server-time", "labeled-response"]


-class MultilineTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class MultilineTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_capabilities("draft/multiline")
    def testBasic(self):
        self.connectClient(
--- a/irctest/server_tests/names.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/names.py
@ -1,9 +1,118 @@
-from irctest import cases
-from irctest.numerics import RPL_ENDOFNAMES
-from irctest.patma import ANYSTR
+"""
+The NAMES command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#names-message>`__)
+"""

+from irctest import cases, runner
+from irctest.numerics import RPL_ENDOFNAMES, RPL_NAMREPLY
+from irctest.patma import ANYSTR, StrRe

 class NamesTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
+    def _testNames(self, symbol):
+        self.connectClient("nick1")
+        self.sendLine(1, "JOIN #chan")
+        self.getMessages(1)
+        self.connectClient("nick2")
+        self.sendLine(2, "JOIN #chan")
+        self.getMessages(2)
+        self.getMessages(1)
+
+        self.sendLine(1, "NAMES #chan")
+
+        # TODO: It is technically allowed to have one line for each;
+        # but noone does that.
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_NAMREPLY,
+            params=[
+                "nick1",
+                *(["="] if symbol else []),
+                "#chan",
+                StrRe("(nick2 @nick1|@nick1 nick2)"),
+            ],
+        )
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_ENDOFNAMES,
+            params=["nick1", "#chan", ANYSTR],
+        )
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", deprecated=True)
+    def testNames1459(self):
+        """
+        https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#names-message
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5
+        """
+        self._testNames(symbol=False)
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    def testNames2812(self):
+        """
+        https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#names-message
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5
+        """
+        self._testNames(symbol=True)
+
+    def _testNamesMultipleChannels(self, symbol):
+        self.connectClient("nick1")
+
+        targmax = dict(
+            item.split(":", 1)
+            for item in self.server_support.get("TARGMAX", "").split(",")
+            if item
+        )
+        if targmax.get("NAMES", "1") == "1":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("Multi-target NAMES")
+
+        self.sendLine(1, "JOIN #chan1")
+        self.sendLine(1, "JOIN #chan2")
+        self.getMessages(1)
+
+        self.sendLine(1, "NAMES #chan1,#chan2")
+
+        # TODO: order is unspecified
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_NAMREPLY,
+            params=["nick1", *(["="] if symbol else []), "#chan1", "@nick1"],
+        )
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_NAMREPLY,
+            params=["nick1", *(["="] if symbol else []), "#chan2", "@nick1"],
+        )
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_ENDOFNAMES,
+            params=["nick1", "#chan1,#chan2", ANYSTR],
+        )
+
+    @cases.mark_isupport("TARGMAX")
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", deprecated=True)
+    def testNamesMultipleChannels1459(self):
+        """
+        https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#names-message
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5
+        """
+        self._testNamesMultipleChannels(symbol=False)
+
+    @cases.mark_isupport("TARGMAX")
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    def testNamesMultipleChannels2812(self):
+        """
+        https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#names-message
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5
+        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5
+        """
+        self._testNamesMultipleChannels(symbol=True)
+
    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
    def testNamesInvalidChannel(self):
        """
@ -47,3 +156,101 @@ class NamesTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            command=RPL_ENDOFNAMES,
            params=["foo", "#nonexisting", ANYSTR],
        )
+
+    def _testNamesNoArgumentPublic(self, symbol):
+        self.connectClient("nick1")
+        self.getMessages(1)
+        self.sendLine(1, "JOIN #chan1")
+        self.connectClient("nick2")
+        self.sendLine(2, "JOIN #chan2")
+        self.sendLine(2, "MODE #chan2 -sp")
+        self.getMessages(1)
+        self.getMessages(2)
+
+        self.sendLine(1, "NAMES")
+
+        # TODO: order is unspecified
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_NAMREPLY,
+            params=["nick1", *(["="] if symbol else []), "#chan1", "@nick1"],
+        )
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_NAMREPLY,
+            params=["nick1", *(["="] if symbol else []), "#chan2", "@nick2"],
+        )
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_ENDOFNAMES,
+            params=["nick1", ANYSTR, ANYSTR],
+        )
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", deprecated=True)
+    def testNamesNoArgumentPublic1459(self):
+        """
+        "If no <channel> parameter is given, a list of all channels and their
+        occupants is returned."
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5
+        """
+        self._testNamesNoArgumentPublic(symbol=False)
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812", deprecated=True)
+    def testNamesNoArgumentPublic2812(self):
+        """
+        "If no <channel> parameter is given, a list of all channels and their
+        occupants is returned."
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5
+        """
+        self._testNamesNoArgumentPublic(symbol=True)
+
+    def _testNamesNoArgumentPrivate(self, symbol):
+        self.connectClient("nick1")
+        self.getMessages(1)
+        self.sendLine(1, "JOIN #chan1")
+        self.connectClient("nick2")
+        self.sendLine(2, "JOIN #chan2")
+        self.sendLine(2, "MODE #chan2 +sp")
+        self.getMessages(1)
+        self.getMessages(2)
+
+        self.sendLine(1, "NAMES")
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_NAMREPLY,
+            params=["nick1", *(["="] if symbol else []), "#chan1", "@nick1"],
+        )
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            self.getMessage(1),
+            command=RPL_ENDOFNAMES,
+            params=["nick1", ANYSTR, ANYSTR],
+        )
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", deprecated=True)
+    def testNamesNoArgumentPrivate1459(self):
+        """
+        "If no <channel> parameter is given, a list of all channels and their
+        occupants is returned.  At the end of this list, a list of users who
+        are visible but either not on any channel or not on a visible channel
+        are listed as being on `channel' "*"."
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5
+        """
+        self._testNamesNoArgumentPrivate(symbol=False)
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812", deprecated=True)
+    def testNamesNoArgumentPrivate2812(self):
+        """
+        "If no <channel> parameter is given, a list of all channels and their
+        occupants is returned.  At the end of this list, a list of users who
+        are visible but either not on any channel or not on a visible channel
+        are listed as being on `channel' "*"."
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.5
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.5
+        """
+        self._testNamesNoArgumentPrivate(symbol=True)
--- a/irctest/server_tests/part.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/part.py
@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+"""
+The PART command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-6.1>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-5.2>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#part-message>`__)
+
+TODO: cross-reference Modern
+"""
+
 import time

 from irctest import cases
--- a/irctest/server_tests/pingpong.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/pingpong.py
@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+The PING and PONG commands
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, ERR_NOORIGIN
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR
--- a/irctest/server_tests/quit.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/quit.py
@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+"""
+The QUITcommand  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.1.6>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.1>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#quit-message>`__)
+
+TODO: cross-reference RFC 1459 and Modern
+"""
+
 import time

 from irctest import cases
@ -7,6 +16,7 @@ from irctest.patma import StrRe

 class ChannelQuitTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC2812")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(["ircu2", "Nefarious", "snircd"], "ircu2 does not echo QUIT")
    def testQuit(self):
        """“Once a user has joined a channel, he receives information about
        all commands his server receives affecting the channel.  This
--- a/irctest/server_tests/readq.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/readq.py
@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+"""
+`Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_-specific tests of responses to DoS attacks
+using long lines.
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases


 class ReadqTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
-    """Test responses to DoS attacks using long lines."""
-
    @cases.mark_specifications("Ergo")
    @cases.mark_capabilities("message-tags")
    def testReadqTags(self):
--- a/irctest/server_tests/regressions.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/regressions.py
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """
-Regression tests for bugs in oragono.
+Regression tests for bugs in `Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_.
 """

 import time

-from irctest import cases
+from irctest import cases, runner
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_ERRONEUSNICKNAME, ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE, RPL_WELCOME
 from irctest.patma import ANYDICT

@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ class RegressionsTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):

    @cases.mark_capabilities("message-tags", "batch", "echo-message", "server-time")
    def testTagCap(self):
+        if self.controller.software_name == "UnrealIRCd":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController(
+                "Arbitrary +draft/reply values (TODO: adapt this test to use real "
+                "values so their pass Unreal's validation) "
+                "https://bugs.unrealircd.org/view.php?id=5948"
+            )
        # regression test for oragono #754
        self.connectClient(
            "alice",
@ -99,6 +105,7 @@ class RegressionsTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(["ngIRCd"], "wat")
    def testStarNick(self):
        self.addClient(1)
        self.sendLine(1, "NICK *")
--- a/irctest/server_tests/relaymsg.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/relaymsg.py
@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+RELAYMSG command of `Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.irc_utils.junkdrawer import random_name
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR
--- a/irctest/server_tests/roleplay.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/roleplay.py
@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+Roleplay features of `Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.irc_utils.junkdrawer import random_name
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_CANNOTSENDRP
--- a/irctest/server_tests/sasl.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/sasl.py
@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ class RegistrationTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):


@cases.mark_services
-class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    def testPlain(self):
        """PLAIN authentication with correct username/password."""
        self.controller.registerUser(self, "foo", "sesame")
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    def testPlainNonAscii(self):
        password = "é" * 100
        authstring = base64.b64encode(
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    def testPlainNoAuthzid(self):
        """“message   = [authzid] UTF8NUL authcid UTF8NUL passwd

@ -170,7 +170,14 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.xfailIf(
+        lambda self: (
+            self.controller.services_controller is not None
+            and self.controller.services_controller.software_name == "Anope"
+        ),
+        "Anope does not handle split AUTHENTICATE (reported on IRC)",
+    )
    def testPlainLarge(self):
        """Test the client splits large AUTHENTICATE messages whose payload
        is not a multiple of 400.
@ -232,7 +239,14 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
    # message's length too big for it to be valid.

    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.xfailIf(
+        lambda self: (
+            self.controller.services_controller is not None
+            and self.controller.services_controller.software_name == "Anope"
+        ),
+        "Anope does not handle split AUTHENTICATE (reported on IRC)",
+    )
    def testPlainLargeEquals400(self):
        """Test the client splits large AUTHENTICATE messages whose payload
        is not a multiple of 400.
@ -277,7 +291,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
    # message's length too big for it to be valid.

    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("SCRAM-SHA-256")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("SCRAM-SHA-256")
    def testScramSha256Success(self):
        self.controller.registerUser(self, "Scramtest", "sesame")

@ -333,7 +347,7 @@ class SaslTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
        self.confirmSuccessfulAuth()

    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("SCRAM-SHA-256")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("SCRAM-SHA-256")
    def testScramSha256Failure(self):
        self.controller.registerUser(self, "Scramtest", "sesame")

--- a/irctest/server_tests/statusmsg.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/statusmsg.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+STATUSMSG ISUPPORT token and related PRIVMSG (`Modern
+<https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#statusmsg-parameter>`__)
+
+TODO: cross-reference Modern
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases, runner
 from irctest.numerics import RPL_NAMREPLY

@ -10,6 +17,11 @@ class StatusmsgTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        self.assertEqual(self.server_support["STATUSMSG"], "~&@%+")

    @cases.mark_isupport("STATUSMSG")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["ircu2", "Nefarious", "snircd"],
+        "STATUSMSG is present in ISUPPORT, but it not actually supported as PRIVMSG "
+        "target (only for WALLCOPS/WALLCHOPS/...)",
+    )
    def testStatusmsgFromOp(self):
        """Test that STATUSMSG are sent to the intended recipients,
        with the intended prefixes."""
@ -61,6 +73,11 @@ class StatusmsgTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        self.assertEqual(len(unprivilegedMessages), 0)

    @cases.mark_isupport("STATUSMSG")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["ircu2", "Nefarious", "snircd"],
+        "STATUSMSG is present in ISUPPORT, but it not actually supported as PRIVMSG "
+        "target (only for WALLCOPS/WALLCHOPS/...)",
+    )
    def testStatusmsgFromRegular(self):
        """Test that STATUSMSG are sent to the intended recipients,
        with the intended prefixes."""
--- a/irctest/server_tests/topic.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/topic.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+The TOPIC command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.1>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.2.1>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#topic-message>`__)
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases, client_mock, runner
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED, RPL_NOTOPIC, RPL_TOPIC, RPL_TOPICTIME

--- a/irctest/server_tests/utf8.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/utf8.py
@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
+"""
+`Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_-specific tests of non-Unicode filtering
+
+TODO: turn this into a test of `IRCv3 UTF8ONLY
+<https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/utf8-only>`_
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR


-class Utf8TestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class Utf8TestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_specifications("Ergo")
    def testUtf8Validation(self):
        self.connectClient(
--- a/irctest/server_tests/wallops.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/wallops.py
@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+"""
+The WALLOPS command  (`RFC 2812
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.7>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#wallops-message>`__)
+"""
+
 from irctest import cases, runner
 from irctest.numerics import ERR_NOPRIVILEGES, ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND, RPL_YOUREOPER
 from irctest.patma import ANYSTR, StrRe
@ -60,6 +66,9 @@ class WallopsTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        )

    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["irc2"], "irc2 ignores the command instead of replying ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND"
+    )
    def testWallopsPrivileges(self):
        """
        https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/118
--- a/irctest/server_tests/who.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/who.py
@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+"""
+The WHO command  (`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#who-message>`__)
+and `IRCv3 WHOX <https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/whox>`_
+
+TODO: cross-reference RFC 1459 and RFC 2812
+"""
+
 import re

 import pytest
@ -77,9 +84,12 @@ class BaseWhoTestCase:
            )


-class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testWhoStar(self):
+        if self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("WHO mask")
+
        self._init()

        self.sendLine(2, "WHO *")
@ -108,6 +118,9 @@ class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHe
    )
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testWhoNick(self, mask):
+        if "*" in mask and self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("WHO mask")
+
        self._init()

        self.sendLine(2, f"WHO {mask}")
@ -135,6 +148,9 @@ class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHe
        ids=["username", "realname-mask", "hostname"],
    )
    def testWhoUsernameRealName(self, mask):
+        if "*" in mask and self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("WHO mask")
+
        self._init()

        self.sendLine(2, f"WHO :{mask}")
@ -185,6 +201,9 @@ class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHe
    )
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testWhoNickAway(self, mask):
+        if "*" in mask and self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("WHO mask")
+
        self._init()

        self.sendLine(1, "AWAY :be right back")
@ -211,6 +230,9 @@ class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHe
    )
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testWhoNickOper(self, mask):
+        if "*" in mask and self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("WHO mask")
+
        self._init()

        self.sendLine(1, "OPER operuser operpassword")
@ -242,6 +264,9 @@ class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHe
    )
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testWhoNickAwayAndOper(self, mask):
+        if "*" in mask and self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("WHO mask")
+
        self._init()

        self.sendLine(1, "OPER operuser operpassword")
@ -273,6 +298,9 @@ class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHe
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mask", ["#chan", "#CHAN"], ids=["exact", "casefolded"])
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testWhoChan(self, mask):
+        if "*" in mask and self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("WHO mask")
+
        self._init()

        self.sendLine(1, "OPER operuser operpassword")
@ -415,9 +443,7 @@ class WhoTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHe


@cases.mark_services
-class WhoServicesTestCase(
-    BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper
-):
+class WhoServicesTestCase(BaseWhoTestCase, cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @cases.mark_specifications("IRCv3")
    @cases.mark_isupport("WHOX")
    def testWhoxAccount(self):
--- a/irctest/server_tests/whois.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/whois.py
@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+"""
+The WHOIS command  (`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#whois-message>`__)
+
+TODO: cross-reference RFC 1459 and RFC 2812
+"""
+
 import pytest

 from irctest import cases
@ -23,6 +29,9 @@ from irctest.patma import ANYSTR, StrRe

 class _WhoisTestMixin(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    def _testWhoisNumerics(self, authenticate, away, oper):
+        if oper and self.controller.software_name == "Charybdis":
+            pytest.xfail("charybdis uses RPL_WHOISSPECIAL instead of RPL_WHOISOPERATOR")
+
        if authenticate:
            self.connectClient("nick1")
            self.controller.registerUser(self, "val", "sesame")
@ -158,7 +167,7 @@ class _WhoisTestMixin(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        )


-class WhoisTestCase(_WhoisTestMixin, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper):
+class WhoisTestCase(_WhoisTestMixin, cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "server",
        ["", "My.Little.Server", "coolNick"],
@ -204,11 +213,9 @@ class WhoisTestCase(_WhoisTestMixin, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.Optionality


@cases.mark_services
-class ServicesWhoisTestCase(
-    _WhoisTestMixin, cases.BaseServerTestCase, cases.OptionalityHelper
-):
+class ServicesWhoisTestCase(_WhoisTestMixin, cases.BaseServerTestCase):
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("oper", [False, True], ids=["normal", "oper"])
-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
    def testWhoisNumerics(self, oper):
        """Tests all numerics are in the exhaustive list defined in the Modern spec,
@ -291,7 +298,7 @@ class ServicesWhoisTestCase(
            "RPL_WHOISCHANNELS should be sent for a non-invisible nick",
        )

-    @cases.OptionalityHelper.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
+    @cases.skipUnlessHasMechanism("PLAIN")
    @cases.mark_specifications("ircdocs")
    def testWhoisAccount(self):
        """Test numeric 330, RPL_WHOISACCOUNT.
--- a/irctest/server_tests/whowas.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/whowas.py
@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
+"""
+The WHOSWAS command  (`RFC 1459
+<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.5.3>`__,
+`RFC 2812 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3>`__,
+`Modern <https://modern.ircdocs.horse/#whowas-message>`__)
+
+TODO: cross-reference Modern
+"""
+
+
 import pytest

 from irctest import cases, runner
 from irctest.exceptions import ConnectionClosed
 from irctest.numerics import (
+    ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS,
    ERR_NONICKNAMEGIVEN,
    ERR_WASNOSUCHNICK,
    RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS,
@ -78,6 +89,43 @@ class WhowasTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            unexpected_messages, [], fail_msg="Unexpected numeric messages: {got}"
        )

+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    def testWhowasEnd(self):
+        """
+        "At the end of all reply batches, there must be RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS"
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#page-50
+        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#page-45
+
+        "Servers MUST reply with either ERR_WASNOSUCHNICK or [...],
+        both followed with RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS"
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
+        """
+        self.connectClient("nick1")
+
+        self.connectClient("nick2")
+        self.sendLine(2, "QUIT :bye")
+        try:
+            self.getMessages(2)
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            pass
+
+        self.sendLine(1, "WHOWAS nick2")
+
+        messages = []
+        for _ in range(10):
+            messages.extend(self.getMessages(1))
+            if RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS in (m.command for m in messages):
+                break
+
+        last_message = messages.pop()
+
+        self.assertMessageMatch(
+            last_message,
+            command=RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS,
+            params=["nick1", "nick2", ANYSTR],
+            fail_msg=f"Last message was not RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS ({RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS})",
+        )
+
    def _testWhowasMultiple(self, second_result, whowas_command):
        """
        "The history is searched backward, returning the most recent entry first."
@ -152,50 +200,78 @@ class WhowasTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            fail_msg=f"Last message was not RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS ({RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS})",
        )

-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["InspIRCd"],
+        "Feature not released yet: https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1967",
+    )
    def testWhowasMultiple(self):
        """
        "The history is searched backward, returning the most recent entry first."
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.5.3
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
        """
        self._testWhowasMultiple(second_result=True, whowas_command="WHOWAS nick2")

-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["InspIRCd"],
+        "Feature not released yet: https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1968",
+    )
    def testWhowasCount1(self):
        """
        "If there are multiple entries, up to <count> replies will be returned"
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.5.3
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
        """
        self._testWhowasMultiple(second_result=False, whowas_command="WHOWAS nick2 1")

-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["InspIRCd"],
+        "Feature not released yet: https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1968",
+    )
    def testWhowasCount2(self):
        """
        "If there are multiple entries, up to <count> replies will be returned"
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.5.3
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
        """
        self._testWhowasMultiple(second_result=True, whowas_command="WHOWAS nick2 2")

-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["InspIRCd"],
+        "Feature not released yet: https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1968",
+    )
    def testWhowasCountNegative(self):
        """
        "If a non-positive number is passed as being <count>, then a full search
        is done."
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.5.3
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
        """
        self._testWhowasMultiple(second_result=True, whowas_command="WHOWAS nick2 -1")

-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["ircu2"], "Fix not released yet: https://github.com/UndernetIRC/ircu2/pull/19"
+    )
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["InspIRCd"],
+        "Feature not released yet: https://github.com/inspircd/inspircd/pull/1967",
+    )
    def testWhowasCountZero(self):
        """
        "If a non-positive number is passed as being <count>, then a full search
        is done."
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.5.3
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
        """
        self._testWhowasMultiple(second_result=True, whowas_command="WHOWAS nick2 0")

@ -204,11 +280,15 @@ class WhowasTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        """
        "Wildcards are allowed in the <target> parameter."
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
        """
+        if self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            raise runner.NotImplementedByController("WHOWAS mask")
+
        self._testWhowasMultiple(second_result=True, whowas_command="WHOWAS *ck2")

    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", deprecated=True)
-    def testWhowasNoParam(self):
+    def testWhowasNoParamRfc(self):
        """
        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.5.3
        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
@ -239,11 +319,46 @@ class WhowasTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
            params=["nick1", "nick2", ANYSTR],
        )

-    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812")
+    @cases.mark_specifications("Modern")
+    def testWhowasNoParamModern(self):
+        """
+        "If the `<nick>` argument is missing, they SHOULD send a single reply, using
+        either ERR_NONICKNAMEGIVEN or ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS"
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
+        """
+        # But no one seems to follow this. Most implementations use ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS
+        # instead of ERR_NONICKNAMEGIVEN; and I couldn't find any that returns
+        # RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS either way.
+        self.connectClient("nick1")
+
+        self.sendLine(1, "WHOWAS")
+
+        m = self.getMessage(1)
+        if m.command == ERR_NONICKNAMEGIVEN:
+            self.assertMessageMatch(
+                m,
+                command=ERR_NONICKNAMEGIVEN,
+                params=["nick1", ANYSTR],
+            )
+        else:
+            self.assertMessageMatch(
+                m,
+                command=ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS,
+                params=["nick1", "WHOWAS", ANYSTR],
+            )
+
+    @cases.mark_specifications("RFC1459", "RFC2812", "Modern")
+    @cases.xfailIfSoftware(
+        ["Charybdis"],
+        "fails because of a typo (solved in "
+        "https://github.com/solanum-ircd/solanum/commit/"
+        "08b7b6bd7e60a760ad47b58cbe8075b45d66166f)",
+    )
    def testWhowasNoSuchNick(self):
        """
        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.5.3
        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170

        and:

@ -251,6 +366,12 @@ class WhowasTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        (even if there was only one reply and it was an error)."
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#page-50
        -- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#page-45
+
+        and:
+
+        "Servers MUST reply with either ERR_WASNOSUCHNICK or [...],
+        both followed with RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS"
+        -- https://github.com/ircdocs/modern-irc/pull/170
        """
        self.connectClient("nick1")

@ -275,6 +396,11 @@ class WhowasTestCase(cases.BaseServerTestCase):
        """
        https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812#section-3.6.3
        """
+        if self.controller.software_name == "Bahamut":
+            pytest.xfail(
+                "Bahamut returns entries in query order instead of chronological order"
+            )
+
        self.connectClient("nick1")

        targmax = dict(
--- a/irctest/server_tests/znc_playback.py
+++ b/irctest/server_tests/znc_playback.py
@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+"""
+`Ergo <https://ergo.chat/>`_-specific tests of ZNC-like message playback
+"""
+
 import time

 from irctest import cases
--- a/make_workflows.py
+++ b/make_workflows.py
@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ and keep them in sync.

 import enum
 import pathlib
-import textwrap

 import yaml

@ -237,7 +236,7 @@ def get_test_job(*, config, test_config, test_id, version_flavor, jobs):
                "if": "always()",
                "uses": "actions/upload-artifact@v2",
                "with": {
-                    "name": f"pytest results {test_id} ({version_flavor.value})",
+                    "name": f"pytest-results_{test_id}_{version_flavor.value}",
                    "path": "pytest.xml",
                },
            },
@ -351,7 +350,7 @@ def generate_workflow(config: dict, version_flavor: VersionFlavor):
            jobs[f"test-{test_id}"] = test_job

    jobs["publish-test-results"] = {
-        "name": "Publish Unit Tests Results",
+        "name": "Publish Dashboard",
        "needs": sorted({f"test-{test_id}" for test_id in config["tests"]} & set(jobs)),
        "runs-on": "ubuntu-latest",
        # the build-and-test job might be skipped, we don't need to run
@ -365,33 +364,32 @@ def generate_workflow(config: dict, version_flavor: VersionFlavor):
                "with": {"path": "artifacts"},
            },
            {
-                "name": "Publish Unit Test Results",
-                "uses": "actions/github-script@v4",
-                "if": "github.event_name == 'pull_request'",
-                "with": {
-                    "result-encoding": "string",
-                    "script": script(
-                        textwrap.dedent(
-                            """\
-                            let body = '';
-                            const options = {};
-                            options.listeners = {
-                                stdout: (data) => {
-                                    body += data.toString();
-                                }
-                            };
-                            await exec.exec('bash', ['-c', 'shopt -s globstar; python3 report.py artifacts/**/*.xml'], options);
-                            github.issues.createComment({
-                              issue_number: context.issue.number,
-                              owner: context.repo.owner,
-                              repo: context.repo.repo,
-                              body: body,
-                            });
-                            return body;
-                        """
-                        )
+                "name": "Install dashboard dependencies",
+                "run": script(
+                    "python -m pip install --upgrade pip",
+                    "pip install defusedxml docutils -r requirements.txt",
                ),
            },
+            {
+                "name": "Generate dashboard",
+                "run": script(
+                    "shopt -s globstar",
+                    "python3 -m irctest.dashboard.format dashboard/ artifacts/**/*.xml",
+                    "echo '/ /index.xhtml' > dashboard/_redirects",
+                ),
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Install netlify-cli",
+                "run": "npm i -g netlify-cli",
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Deploy to Netlify",
+                "run": "./.github/deploy_to_netlify.py",
+                "env": {
+                    "NETLIFY_SITE_ID": "${{ secrets.NETLIFY_SITE_ID }}",
+                    "NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN": "${{ secrets.NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN }}",
+                    "GITHUB_TOKEN": "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}",
+                },
            },
        ],
    }
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ disallow_untyped_defs = False
 [mypy-irctest.client_tests.*]
 disallow_untyped_defs = False

+[mypy-defusedxml.*]
+ignore_missing_imports = True
+
 [mypy-ecdsa]
 ignore_missing_imports = True

--- a/pytest.ini
+++ b/pytest.ini
@ -40,3 +40,6 @@ markers =
    WHOX

 python_classes = *TestCase Test*
+
+# Include stdout in pytest.xml files used by the dashboard.
+junit_logging = system-out
--- a/workflows.yml
+++ b/workflows.yml
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ software:
        pre_deps:
            - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
              with:
-                  go-version: '^1.17.0'
+                  go-version: '^1.18.0'
            - run: go version
        separate_build_job: false
        build_script: |
@ -204,6 +204,23 @@ software:
            make -j 4
            make install

+    nefarious:
+        name: nefarious
+        repository: evilnet/nefarious2
+        refs:
+            stable: "985704168ecada12d9e53b46df6087ef9d9fb40b"
+            release: null
+            devel: "master"
+            devel_release: null
+        path: nefarious
+        separate_build_job: false
+        build_script: |
+            cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/nefarious
+            ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local/ --enable-debug
+            make -j 4
+            make install
+            cp $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/data/nefarious/* $HOME/.local/lib
+
    ngircd:
        name: ngircd
        repository: ngircd/ngircd
@ -358,16 +375,19 @@ tests:
    plexus4:
        software: [plexus4, anope]

-    # doesn't build because it can't find liblex for some reason
-    #snircd:
-    #    software: [snircd]
-
    irc2:
        software: [irc2]

    ircu2:
        software: [ircu2]

+    nefarious:
+        software: [nefarious]
+
+    # doesn't build because it can't find liblex for some reason
+    #snircd:
+    #    software: [snircd]
+
    unrealircd-5:
        software: [unrealircd-5]